Essay --

ResumenEste trabajo investiga sobre el advenimiento de la era tecnolgica la cual a medida que pasa el tiempo se expande a todos los sectores de la sociedad, ya sea por la cantidad de nuevas investigaciones y tecnologas como por la ubicuidad de stas. Para lograr una mejor comprensin de ello es necesario abordar los sneakceptos de Computacin Ubicua, Tecnologa Calma, Interaccin Inconsciente y nociones psicolgicas de Resis tencia al Cambio. En el transcurso de este informe se ir sealando brevemente como avanzan estos temas a lo largo de la historia y resaltando el estudio del lugar de la interface y el nuevo rol del ambiente en la Interaccin Humano/Computadora.Palabras clavesComputacin Ubicua, Tecnologa Calma, Interaccin Inconsciente, Resistencia al cambio.IntroduccinVarios aos atrs la tecnologa era una herramienta muy fcil de distinguir, percibir e identificar, ya sea de forma optic (ya que eran artefactos nuevos o diferentes a la vida cotidiana) o tambin mediante la interaccin del usuario, por ello muchas veces existi la necesidad de tener conocimiento previo para poder utilizarlas y entenderlas o si no se tena ese conocimiento era necesario adquirirlo para un correcto uso. A una gran cantidad de usuarios, estas nuevas tecnologas les resultaron muy llamativas, fascinantes y amenas para indagar, profundizar y sumergirse ms en ese mundo, los cuales con gran facilidad pudieron apreciarla y aprovecharla, pero tambin siempre existen y existieron las personas que tienen una gran resistencia al cambio, a aprender nuevos modos, nuevos lenguajes, nuevos usos y nuevas formas de vida. Al ser esta una tecnologa muy fcil de distinguir, a ste grupo de personas les result muy fcil la tarea de identificar... ..., con las nuevas tecnologas lo interesante es el hecho de que a esta altura del tiempo todas las personas (quieran o no) forman parte del mundo que est inmerso en la computacin ubicua, de una u otra forma son usuarios de alguna de estas tecnologas y no han tenido la necesidad u oportunidad de decidir si forman parte de este nuevo mundo o no, porque lo son de forma imperceptible ya que no tuvieron que adoptar nuevas formas de uso o cambios en la vida cotidiana porque la tecnologa se acomod a ellos, se invirti lo que suceda en un principio, as es posible el alcance de estas tecnologas a toda la sociedad sin generar los problemas sociales de resistencia a lo nuevo o al cambio, porque este cambio ya no es tan brusco, porque la tecnologa est tan mimetizada con el entorno que no genera un choque, se disimula, se percibe el entorno y el entorno es la interfaz.

Solutions to School Violence :: School Violence Essays

Violence in schools has spread widely throughout the nation. This has caused some problems among students, families, faculty of schools, and residents of the aras. However, there are many possible ways we butt stop all this violence in schools. Almost three-fourths of the United States teens are afraid of fiery crime amongst their peers (Apfel 23). Violence in schools has become a big problem in nows society. With all the people being injured or killed in schools by guns and other weapons, more and more people are getting more weapons to bring in to schools. Nearly half of all males and terce of all students including females said they could easily obtain a handgun if they wanted to (Glazer 14). The cause of violence can be blamed on many things scarce 1 mainly. And that one thing is drugs and gangs. Now that more people are selling and buying drugs, people are making money to buy weapons. Gangs, since they came somewhat violence assume been increasing steadily. The spread of gangs and drugs has also been implicated in the increasing violence of school youths (Glazer 14). Experts have also said that most violent conflicts among school-age children can be traced back to long- simmering disputes (Apfel 21). Carrying guns and other weapons just about schools is becoming more and more popular all around the world. People think that carrying guns around schools with them will make them cool or fit in with other people like themselves. Theyre wrong. More and more people who are carrying guns around schools today are getting caught and having them taken away. Since schools have gotten metal detectors and scanners, they have cut down the rate of having handguns in schools by nearly 58%(Glazer 5). Security experts have reported that there is no evidence that a metal detector will solve the problem of violence in schools, even though it offers a highly visible symbol to the community (Apfel 22). Even if the schools with all the gun violence in their schools do put in metal detectors at the anterior entrances of schools, their are many ways kids can sneak in weapons to school. In 1990 congress made it a felony to bring a gun within one thousand feet of any school under the Gun-Free School Zones provision of the 1990 crime prevention package. This law wont help very much because of the fact that students can sneak in weapons through bathroom windows, or an unguarded entrance during recess (Glazer 6).

Big City Dangers :: Environmental Pollution Essays

Big City Dangers Since the industrial revolution the world has witnessed the rapid expansion of its metropolises. For years humans have been flocking to these urban centers in search of jobs, commodities, entertainment and other phenomena that can commonly be found in cities. With this grand, not so new invention which most of us exploit, sensation must wonder what negative effects city living might have on our health. When populations of animals are clustered together certain dangers arise that expose the well being of each organism. Notably in China, Japan, India and the United States which contain extensive cities humans battle the health risks that come along them. One much(prenominal) well-known city in the USA which has documented and studied the biological threats to its inhabitants is New York City. A press release from the Department of Health is not requisite to let New Yorkers know that their home is hazardous to their health. Walking along any street in Manh attan the average observer can smell car fumes in the air, see the filth in the gutters and occasionally witness a purse-snatching. The potential for catching communicable diseases or being injured in some way is severely heightened in concentrated populations same New York. Some of the alleged contamination problems are water contamination, excessive noise and the front man of smog. Several diseases have spread throughout the city in recent years including the flu, West Nile Virus and meningitis. Another biological contaminant that has been found in NYC recently is Anthrax. This substance being sent through the postal system and other crimes endanger the well being of the citizens of this famous city. Anything from a car cerebrovascular mishap to an intentional murder or shooting can cause an unnatural death. Additionally, freak occurrences like terrorist attacks can kill or infect populations of people like those in New York City. These factors increase the likelihood that r esidents of a city will contract a particular disease, suffer from an environmentally caused illness, die in an accident or be the victim of a violent crime. Dangers associated with cities threaten the most basic biological feature that urban, suburban and country humans possess, life. Air pollution is one of the most noticeable and common complaints of people in an urban setting. On a hot day one can see the foul cloud-like structures hanging over a bustling metropolis.

Fun Pack :: essays research papers

Fun PackWhen run, Fun Pack 3-D will automatically mark what 3D hardwareyou have available and configure itself for optimum performance on your machine. Note that you MUST have the latest version of the drivers for your 3D display board, or Fun Pack 3-D may fail to work properly. 3DFX drivers can be downloaded from http//www.3dfx.com/.Other Drivers can be downloaded from your 3-D card manufacturer.Note that versions of Windows 95 before OSR 2.1 do not properly support AGP, so you may not achieve optimum performance on an AGP Direct 3D card if you have an earlier version of Windows 95.If you have no 3D accelerator cards installed in your machine Fun Pack 3-D will disregard to software rendering.Once the bouncy has initialized and selected its default graphics driver, you can change the graphics driver between what is available in your system from within the game.briny MenuSelect the game you wish to play using the previous and next get-up-and-gos, or by clicking on the icon for y our chosen game. Once your game is displayed click on the screen shot to begin playing.Chomper 3DKeyboard arrows move Chomper around the maze. Number keys 1-5 switch camera viewsEscape key exits.Grab the cause dots to make the monsters turn blue and Vulnerable to be ChompedClear all the dots to advance to the next level.Missile DefenseArrow Keys R and L to outflank the gun platformUse the Mouse to aim target reticule and click to fire.Escape Key exits.Shoot the incoming missiles and defend your cities.Survive the shudder to advance to the next level.Super Brick-BreakerMove Mouse to control paddle.Click and hold the mouse button to grab the ball(s) when powered up.Click the mouse button to activate bomb.

Existentialism, Beloved, and The Bluest Eye Essay -- comparison compar

Existentialism, good, and The Bluest marrow Toni Morrison has written several novels, many of which show the influence of existentialist thinking however, Beloved and The Bluest Eye both strongly illustrate all of the major existential themes. Beloved is a novel about a woman, Sethe, who escapes from slavery with her children. She is haunted both physically and psychologically by her experience, as evidenced by the scars she carries on her back from a severe beating, and the scars she carries in her mind from the horrible treatment she suffered. A some weeks after her escape, Sethes owner hunted her down to reclaim her as his property. Under the fear of capture, Sethe decided that for her children, death would be better than slavery. She killed her second-to-the-youngest child before she was stopped. Beloved is the story of Sethe, and how she must live with the ramifications of her terrible, necessary decision to kill her baby girl. The Bluest Eye is a similarly haunting novel . It is the story of Pecola, a little monstrous black girl trying to grow up in rural Ohio during the 1940s. She is despised by white society because she is ugly, black and female, and because she is the antithesis of all that white Hesperian culture idolizes white skin, blond hair, and blue eyes. On a disastrous parallel, Pecola is also despised by black society the society whose support she ineluctably desperately to counter white negativity towards her. Instead of receiving that life-giving support, Pecola is regarded as an ugly, passive, pitiful girl. Her mother, herself twisted by the ideals of white society, loves a young, white, blond child she cares for much than her own daughter. Her father loved her so much, he r... ...son. Michigan Gale search Inc., 1994. 215-273. Eiermann, Katharena. Themes of Existentialism. http//members.aol.com/KatharenaE/private/ Philo/Existentialism/extheme.html. 1996. 16 March 1997. Existentialism http//www.sound.net/melingl/existme.html ( 16 March 1997) Morrison, Toni. Beloved. smart York, New York Plume, 1988. ---. The Bluest Eye. New York, New York Plume, 1994. Sartre, Jean-Paul. Literature & Existentialism. New York, New York Carol Publishing Group, 1994. Steiner, Wendy. The Clearest Eye. Draper 239. Stone, Joanna. Morrison proves to be moving and eloquent. The Tech, April 24, 1992 11. Massachusetts. America OnLine. http//the-tech.mit.edu/V112/N22/morrison.22a.html. Online. 6 March 1997. Trosky, Susan, M., ed. Contemporary Authors. Michigan Gale Research Inc., 1994. 319-328

Strengths And Weaknesses Of Lo Essay -- essays research papers

Louis XIV and Peter the GreatBoth Louis XIV and Peter the Great were famous formulas of the ripe 17th- early 18th Centuries. Both took the throne at a young age and both had many strengths and weaknesses. Louis XIV had many strengths during his reign as ruler of France. Appointing Jean Baptiste Colbert as his minister of finance made some of his greatest strengths and accomplishments. One strength was that of mercantilism, which is an economic theory under which a country increases its wealth by exporting more goods than it imports. By accomplishing this, Louis XIV made himself and France very wealthy. More wealth was made when a balance of trade brought more aureate and silver into France. A high tax was placed on imports and that also earned money. Soon, Fran...

Ifrs vs Us Gaap

ACCY200 Financial Accounting A Accounting for spot, Plant & Equipment using IFRS and US GAAP Submitted To Dr. Mufeed Rawashdeh Lecturer, ACCY200 UOWD Project done by Punit Hiro Lalwani 3948493 Anish Ahuja 3959569 Hitesh Kumar Bilochi 3949345 Date 29th November, 2011 circuit card of Contents Executive Summary 3 Introduction 4 Property, Plant & Equipment 5 Interest posered during construction of as get up 6 7 condition & substantiative equals incurred in self-constructed assets 8 9 Valuation/Reporting of Property, Plant & Equipments in the vestibular sense Sheet 10 11 Example of annual Reports for US GAAP and IFRS 12 13 Implication of Differences 1) Interest Incurred 2) Componentization 3) Subsequent of Valuation 14 15 Conclusion and Recommendation 16References 17 18 Executive Summary This Financial Accounting report contains information on a few key argonas in score for Property, Plant & Equipment, using ii slightly different standards which be the US Generally Acce pted Accounting Principles (US GAAP) and international Financial Reporting Standards.The objective of this report is to state how these two standards are slightly different in footing of accounting for items of PP&E such as Interest/Borrowing cost during the asset is being prepared for think use, How call for and indirect costs are allocated or measured for assets constructed by the company itself, and how their fixed assets are respectd at balance sheet, after initial recognition of cost. Both the standards, are pretty similar, yet gull some key points which conflict with each other. These points carry a degree of importance in terms of accounting.Each point is beneficial as well as It has its drawbacks, depending upon the scenario put in place. Moreover, the above mentioned content is evening widely exhibited by including Annual reports of two companies one IFRS, and the other US GAAP reports, to attest a practical example of dealing with Property, Plant and Equipment ite ms in the balance sheet. Introduction IFRS is a set of guidelines and rules formed by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) that companies and organizations female genital organ follow when compiling financial statements.The creation of international standards allows investors, organizations and governments to compare the IFRS-supported financial statements with greater ease. International Standards help investors to deal with comparing financial statements with more convenience. The International Financial Reporting Standards were previously called the International Accounting Standards (IAS). Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) is the accounting standard used by the Organizations in the United States which is the common set of accounting principles, standards and procedures that companies use to ompile their financial statements. GAAP are a combination of important standards (set by policy boards) and simply the commonly accepted ways of recording and r eporting accounting information. GAAP are imposed on companies so that investors maintain a minimum level of consistency in the financial statements they use when analysing companies for investment purposes Property, Plant & Equipment (PP&E) Property, plant and equipment are tangible assets that 1. are held for use in the production or supply of goods or services, for rental to others, or for administrative purposes, and 2. re expected to be used during more than one period. Property, plant and equipment does non include 1. biological assets related to agricultural activity, or 2. mineral rights and mineral reserves, such as oil, natural gas and similar non-regenerative resources Asset Recognition The entity shall issue the cost of an item of property, plant and equipment as an asset if, and only if 1. it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item pass on flow to the entity, and 2. the cost of the item ordure be measured reliably.Interest incurred durin g construction of asset IFRS US GAAP Definition Borrowing costs that are directly attributable to the skill, construction or production of a qualifying asset form part of the cost of that asset. Other borrowing costs are recognised as an expense. Similar to IFRS but US GAAP uses interest Costs instead of Borrowing Costs Qualifying asset A qualifying asset is an asset that necessarily takes a upstanding period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale. Similar to IFRS but US GAAP does not state the word hard Measurement Borrowing cost include * Exchange rate differences from foreign currency borrowings. * Borrowing cost is offset by investment income earned on those borrowings. * Actual Interest are Capitalized. * Interest costs do not include vary rate differences. * Interest earned on the investment of borrowed property planetaryly cannot offset interest costs incurred during the period. * Interest cost equal to the weighted average collect expenditures times the borrowing rate is capitalized. Commencing Capitalization An entity shall drive capitalising borrowing costs as part of the cost of a qualifying asset on the commencement date. The commencement date for capitalisation is the date when the entity first gear meets all of the following conditions * (a) it incurs expenditures for the asset * (b) it incurs borrowing costs and * (c) it undertakes activities that are necessary to prepare the asset for its intended use or sale. Similar to IFRS. Ceasing Capitalization An entity shall kibosh capitalising borrowing costs when substantially all the activities necessary to prepare the qualifying asset for its intended use or sale are complete. Similar to IFRS Direct & indirect costs incurred in self-constructed assets IFRS US GAAP Cost * The asset is carried at cost less accumulated wear and tear and impairment. Similar to IFRS Depreciation The depreciable meter (cost less residual value) should be allocated on a systematic basis over t he assets useful life.The residual value and the useful life of an asset should be re lieued at least at each financial year-end and, if expectations differ from previous enters, any change is accounted for prospectively as a change in estimate under IAS 8. Depreciation under US GAAP is similar to IFRS as the property plant and equipment are to be stated at cost of acquisition less accumulated derogation based on estimated useful lives of the assets. Revaluation * Under IFRS, an organization has an option to use the cost method or the brushup method to measure property, plant and equipment. The asset is carried at a revalued amount, being its fair value at the date of revaluation less subsequent depreciation and impairment, provided that fair value can be measured reliably. US GAAP prohibits revaluations except for a discovery on a natural resource, in a business combination accounted for under the purchase method. Therefore uses only the cost model. Componentization Compon ent depreciation is a requirement under IFRS if the components of that particular asset have differing patterns of benefit. Component depreciation is permitted but rarely used under GAAP compared to IFRS in which it is a requirement. Valuation/reporting of property, plant equipments in the Balance Sheet IFRS US GAAP Measurement * Property, plant and equipment should initially be measured at cost. Cost is the fair value of consideration given for the asset. * The cost of an item of property, plant and equipment comprises the purchase price and any costs directly attributable to bringing the asset to the location and condition necessary for it to be satisfactory of operating in the manner intended by circumspection.The cost also includes estimated costs of dismantling and removing the asset and restoring the site on which it is located * The costs that incur for completion of the asset construction can be added to the amount that has to be recognized initially, if these costs exc eed the recoverable amount, the excess should be expensed in the up-to-date period. * Property plant and equipment under GAAP are measured at historical cost. * Similar To IFRS * Self-constructed assets are put down at the incremental or direct costs to build (material, labor, and variable overhead) assuming idle capacity. Direct Costs Directly attributable costs include costs such as * Costs of site preparation. * Initial delivery and handling costs. * Installation and assembly costs. * Professional feesDirectly attributable costs do not include administration and other general overheads Similar to IFRS indirect Costs Non-directly attributable items are not permitted to be capitalized under IAS 16. Repair and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred, not capitalised. Indirect costs under GAAP are called overhead or burden.For example Power, heat, light . To handle these costs one of the following ways can be applied * Assign No Fixed Overhead to the Cost of the Constructed A sset * Assign a Portion of All Overhead to the Construction Process * A pro rata portion of the fixed overhead should be assigned to the asset to obtain its cost. Examples of an US GAAP and IFRS Report valuing Property, Plant and Equipment Property, Plant and Equipment (US GAAP Google Inc) Property and equipment stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization.Depreciation is computed using straight line Method over estimate useful life of assets, by and large two to five years. Buildings are depreciated over periods of up to 25 years. Lease clutch improvements are amortized over the shorter of the remaining lease term or the estimated useful lives of the assets. Construction in progress is related to the construction or development of property (including land) and equipment that have not yet been put in service for their intended use.Depreciation for equipment commences once it is placed in service and depreciation for buildings and leasehold improvements commence s once they are ready for their intended use. Land is not depreciated. Property and equipment value at end of 2009 and 2010 was $4,845 million and $ 7,759 million, respectively, with accumulated depreciation and amortization cost of $3,285 million for 2009 and $ 4,012 million for 2010. Property, Plant and Equipment (IFRS Puma)Property, plant and equipment are stated at acquisition costs net of accumulated depreciation, even though they have the option of revaluation, they havent used it. The depreciation period depends on the expected useful life of the respective item. The straight-line method of depreciation is applied. The useful life depends on the type of assets involved. Buildings are subject to a useful life of amidst ten to fifty years, and a useful life of between three to ten years is assumed for moveable assets. The cost of maintenance and repair is recorded as an expense at the time of origin.Significant improvements and renewals are capitalized to the extent that the criteria for capitalization of an asset item apply. As a general rule, lease items that qualify as a finance lease due to the terms of the underlying contract are shown under property, plant and equipment initially they are measured at the amount of the fair value or the lower defer value of the minimum lease payments and net of accumulated depreciation in subsequent accounting periods. Property, plant and equipment is valued at 236. 7 million in 2010 and 242. million in 2009. Accumulated depreciation of property, plant and equipment amounted to 233. 3 million (previous year 201. 9 million). As we can see from the above 2 examples, twain the methods of the companies are very similar, and there is very little difference in the way they report the value of their Property, Plant Equipment in the Balance Sheet. Implications of differences Interest incurred IFRS includes exchange rate differences and also allows the offsetting of interest revenue with interest costs, whereas US GAAP does not allow either.This method of IFRS can be very accurate because mend offsetting the interest revenue with the interest costs, it will only show one entry in the financial statement, whereas in US GAAP it will show two entries, one of cost and one of revenue. Hence there is only a difference in the presentation of information BUT the end publication will still be the same. IFRS can be more convenient and make things simpler because of offsetting compared to US GAAP. Exchange rate differences will most probably hold an mmaterial difference but to avoid any inaccuracies, they should be taken into consideration. Componentization Componentization is when the assets are segmented into the different parts and are depreciated separately. As stated above IFRS requires componentization, whereas US GAAP permits it but does not require it. A good example might be that under US GAAP, a car may be treated as a single depreciable asset, while under IFRS, every component of a car will be depreciated separately, including engine, car frame, brakes, and etc.This can be very confusing for users as not every company retains all the information about its components, but IFRS is still more accurate as it allows the companies to notice the real value of its components and its estimated life, where as US GAAP will only show the real value of its asset and not know the estimated life of the components of the assets, which can be a disadvantage because the companies will not know whether its components need maintenance or not. The disadvantage of componentization under IFRS might be that the depreciation expenses will mostly tend to be higher than US GAAP, therefore resulting in lower profits.This implication can also have an affect on the tax the company pays. Subsequent valuation differences * IFRS permits revaluation of property, plant and equipment whereas in US GAAP it is forbidden. Under the revaluation model, if the carrying amount of a property, plant and equipments asset is increased as a result of a revaluation, the increase is recognized in equity under the heading of revaluation profusion. The revaluation surplus amount recorded is then adjusted on an asset-by-asset basis by the amount of future revaluation increase.Adjustments to the revaluation surplus account are recorded in equity. Therefore, if there is an Increase in asset revaluation IFRS would be more beneficial compared to US GAAP since it gives an appropriate measurement of the current value of the asset and would show a higher income for the company due to increase in fair value. * A decrease arising as a result of a revaluation should be recognized as an expense to the extent that it exceeds any amount previously credited to the revaluation surplus relating to the same asset.In this case US GAAP would be more preferable since it would state its assets value above the current market value (fair value). However from a technical point of view the value would be overstated. So over all, it is more advisable to use the IFRS standard for revaluation of assets. Conclusion and Recommendation There are many Similarities in IFRS US GAAP but they also have Differences that cannot be unnoticed. There are different scenarios in which one accounting method would prevail over the other.Difference between these two methods of accounting standards cause confusion which should be eliminated and there should be the need of uniform accounting standard. The best way to deal with differences in IFRS and US GAAP is to converge the both, with the most accurate method of each difference being retained. This will make it easier for the hoi polloi to interpret, understand and compare financial reports because the standards will be the same for everyone.In recent years there is a huge acceptance of IFRS over US GAAP which has led to benefits such has increased in transparency and consistency of financial information, more efficient use and availability of global resources, streamli ned internal controls, additional access to capital, and opportunities for improved cash management and income tax planning. References AICPA. (2011), IFRS for SMEs US GAAP comparison wiki, online, Available http//wiki. ifrs. com/Property-Plant-and-Equipment, Accessed 24 November 2011 Banka. S. (N. D. , US GAAP- Quick Learning Module, online, Available http//usgaap. tripod. com/id14. html , Accessed 24 November 2011 disdain Dictionary. (2011), International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), online, Available http//www. businessdictionary. com/definition/International-Financial-Reporting-Standards-IFRS. html, Accessed 24 November 2011 Deloitte. (2011), Summaries of International Financial Reporting Standards, online, Available http//www. iasplus. com/standard/ias16. htm , Accessed 24 November 2011 Ernst Young. (N. D. , Property, plant and equipment, online, Available www. csb. uncw. edu/people/rocknessj/classes/MSA500/PP%26EIFRS. ppt, Accessed 24 November 2011 Ernst Young. (N. D. ), Property, plant and equipment, online, Available www. csb. uncw. edu/people/rocknessj/classes/MSA500/PP%26EIFRS. ppt, Accessed 24 November 2011 FASB. (2011), Accounting Standards Codification, online, Available https//asc. fasb. org/subtopictrid=2127351analyticsAssetName=section_page_subtopicnav_type=section_page, Accessed 24 November 2011 Investopedia. 2011), Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), online, Available http//www. investopedia. com/terms/g/gaap. aspixzz1eL9q86ay, Accessed 24 November 2011 Price Water House Coopers. (2011), Property, plant and equipment (including borrowing costs), online, Available https//pwcinform. pwc. com/inform2/show? action=informContentid=0919084403183483 , Accessed 24 November 2011 Price Water House Coopers. (2009), Implications of an IFRS revolution on property, plant and equipment from a US tax perspective, online, Available http//www. pwc. om/en_US/us/ifrs-tax-issues/assets/ifrs_conversion_property_plant_equipment. pdf Access ed 24 November 2011 Wiley, 2002, Acquisition and Disposition of Property, Plant and Equipment, online, Available http//www. wiley. com/college/sc/kieso/samp/8658d_c10_469-518. pdf , Accessed 24 November 2011 World Gaap Info, N. D. , Property, plant and equipment, online, Available http//www. worldgaapinfo. com/pdf/IAS/IAS16. pdf Accessed 24 November 2011 Google Inc Annual Report, (2010), Available http//wwww. investor. google. com/pdf/20101231_google_10K. pdf Accessed 24th November 2011

All Adoption Records Should be Open to Adopted People over Eighteen Years Old

The issues of having adoption documents overt for access by the adopted wad who be everywhere eighteen years has caused a lot of heated debate in America. There has been a revolution in the adoption scene as slightly of the states piss legalized the opening of previously seal adoption documents.There argon raging debates collect to the controversy which is brought by opening and sealing the adoption records. The right of the yield parent to privacy is weighed against the fundamental right of the adopted cock-a-hoop to know and the right to equality. This paper seeks to bring out the reasons as to why these previously sealed documents should be open for adopted adults.There are more than six million adoptees in the United States of America. Currently, only six states in America offer the open inspection of adoption records. These are Tennessee, Hawaii, Delaware, atomic number 13, Kansas and Alaska (Mabry & Kelly, 357).In most of the other states, the original produce certi ficate and the adoption documents are not accessible to allone without a court order. Alabama allows the opening of these documents only after consent while Oregon and Tennessee besides require consent from the court. In Tennessee, the adult adoptee is forbidden for establishing contact.Some states recommend the use of particularised search and consent protocols which require the datency to locate either process of the adoption triplet enquire whether they would allow their identity to be revealed to the other member (Mabry & Kelly, 359).The adoption triad refers to the adopted adult, the adopted parents and the birth parents. Opening adoption documents or records refers to making a variety of previously confidential and sealed reading available to a member of the adoption triad.These adoption records can be either the original unammended birth certificate, the court records from the adoption and other confidential knowledge including the adoption agencys documents which ma y reveal the identity of either of the members of the triad (Mabry & Kelly, 369).After an adoptive placement is finalized, the original documents and documents proceeding from these cases are closed.Most adopted adults are in kick upstairs of the opening of the adoption documents primarily to ease their search for their birth parents or eliminate the need for a search. They argue that keeping these documents sealed from adopted adults, impairs with their unrestrained status and denies them of their right to know the identity of their parents like every other person.Adoption documents were initially sealed in order to protect any members of the adoption triad from the prevailing attitudes of the time. There was a lot of social flaw arising from illegitimacy and infertility. People were also stigmatized based on their wealth or other features in their families.The courts felt that the exposure of the triad especially the child to these attitudes would hinder their potential. Seali ng adoption documents allowed the adopted child to grow up without these additional pressures from the society (Mabry & Kelly, 436).The main(prenominal) reason as to why the adoption documents were sealed was to protect the adoption triad from social stigma associated with illegitimacy and infertility.The changing times give eliminated this stigma as millions of people nowadays choose not to get married, to become single parents or even get married and choose not to have any children. Any stigma associated with either of these has been eroded over time.The opening of adoption records only for adopted adults over the age of eighteen years ensures that they are already emotionally and mentally developed and the chances of their birth parents affecting their development is minimized.Adoption documents allow the adopted adult to find out of any genetic conditions which they may have inherited from their birth parents. The knowledge of any genetic predisposition to life threatening med ical conditions allows the adopted adult to seek help early.This also allows early detection of any medical conditions and could potentially save lives (Siegel, 17). In cases where the adopted adults also intend on having their own children, it is necessary for them to know of any possibilities of passing on genetic conditions to their children and make informed decisions based on these facts.Adopted adults may also require organ transplants. The most successful organ transplants are from genetically identical individuals since there are less chances of rejection. For the adopted adult, this implies that they have to contact their birth parents and any other siblings they may have for potential donors.The adult who is adopted at childhood has the fundamental right to know the identity of his parents (Mabry & Kelly, 508). These unanswered questions bring a lifetime of confusion and loss of identity.The contract among both sets of parents is entered on behalf of the adopted child. On ce the child reaches eighteen years, they are legally capable of making most legal decisions and they should be treated as adults who have the right to decide whether they require information regarding the birth parents.In cases where they choose to have access, the information should be availed readily (Siegel, 17). The United States of America is founded on the article of belief of equality for all its citizens. Opening adoption documents ensures that adopted people are given equal right to know their parents, similar to their non adopted counterparts (Blanton & Deschner, 534).The adopted individuals should be given the same right as everyone else. This in turn brings peace of mind and the adopted adults can move on with their lives.There are umteen people who feel that the opening of these previously closed documents should be prohibited and adult adoptees should not be given information regarding their birth parents. Those who oppose the opening of these documents swear that the birth parents may not want contact from the children (DuPrau, 28).The supporters of opening adoption records importune that the opening of these documents does not necessarily imply intent of contact. In many cases the adult adoptee is simply curious or is intent on identifying any genetic medical conditions of the birth parents (Blanton & Deschner, 530 .The issue of people preferring abortion to adoption due to the ramifications of the children later looking for them has also been debated. The supporters of open documents maintain that the two issues are unrelated and the rates of abortion have not increased in states that have allowed open adoption documents (Cocozzell, 36).There is no need for the birth parent to feel insecure because most states specify no contact unless it is permitted. The birth parents have no biding parental responsibilities on the adopted adult and the only thing they seek is information on their identity and possible their medical condition. In some in stances birth parents who gave up their children for adoption are also interested in making contact and are relieved when the adopted adults contact them (Cocozzell, 36).There are also arguments that insist that the realization of birth parents is a threat to the relationship of the adopted individual with their adoptive parents. While it may be true for an adopted child, for an adult adoptee, the identification of the birth parents is not a threat to their relationship with the adoptive parents (DuPrau, 18).In conclusion, all adoption documents should be open to all adopted people over the age of eighteen years. This allows equality to all people and gives the adopted adults peace of mind regarding any questions they may have concerning their identity as well as any potential genetic conditions which, they may have inherited from their birth parents.REFERENCESBlanton L. & Deschner Jeanne, Biological Mothers Grief The Post adoptive Experience in Open vs. Confidential Adoption, pin cer Welfare 59 (1990) 525-535.Cocozzelli Carmello, Predicting the Decision of Biological Mothers to Retain or Relinquish Their Babies for Adoption Implications for Open Placement, Child Welfare 68 (1999) 33-44.DuPrau Jeanne. Adoption the facts, feelings, and issues of a look-alike heritage. Michigan University of Michigan, 2007. 16-99.

Ap Chemistry Redox Titration Lab

Redox Titration Lab ABSTRACT In this lab, 0. 010 M purple-colored potassium permanganate termination was standardized by redox titration with iron (II) ammonium sulfate hexahydrate (FAS). The average mass of the three flaskfulfuls of FAS was 0. 483 grams. Once the concentration of the standard ancestor of KMnO4 (aq) was secured, it was utilise to determine the concentration of Fe2+ in iron pills. On average, thither was 0. 01813 L of consequence used.With this information and the equilibrise net-ionic equation 10Fe(NH4)2(SO4)2*6H2O+2KMnO4+H2SO4 5Fe2(SO4)3+(NH4)2SO4+K2SO4+2MnSO4+H2O, the average percentage by mass composition of Fe2+ in iron pill samples was 16. 99%. (103) creation The scientific concept of this lab was to titrate potassium permanganate with iron (II) ammonium sulfate hexahydrate in order to oxidize the Fe2+ to Fe3+. Then the concentration of the standard effect of KMnO4 (aq) will be used to determine the concentration of Fe2+ in iron pills. The purpose of th e lab is to first standardize a stock KMnO4 (aq), and and then determine the percentage Fe2+ in iron pills.Read this Practice Test Chem 105The expected outcome of this lab was for the percentage of Fe2+ in the iron pills to be 17%. This is what was on the bottle of iron pills, and the point of the lab was to use titration to retrieve as much if the iron as possible. MATERIALS AND METHODS The procedure for the standardization of KMnO4 (aq) was to first fill a clean 50 mL buret with 0. 0100 M KMnO4 (aq). Three clean Erlenmeyer flasks needed to be labeled, and a piece of FAS needed to be weighed to 0. 5g on a piece of weighing paper. flaskful 1 was tarred and tapped into the FAS. The mass was then recorded. This was then repeated with flask 2 and 3. 0 mL of water and 5 mL of 3M H2SO4 was added to the three flasks. 50 mL of water was put in a beaker and 1 drop of permanganate solution was added. The color intensity of the mixture matched the standard and remained for 5 seconds or more. The initial volume was recorded to 0. 01 mL. Permanganate was then added to the FAS solution in flask 1 until the equivalent point was reached. The final volume was recorded and the permanganate solution used was intractable. The titration process was repeated using FAS in flask 2 and 3. The flasks were then washed down the drain and rinsed with distilled water.Moles of Fe2+ ions present was calculated from the mass of FAS. The balanced equation was used to find the gram moleculees of KMnO4 needed to reach the same point. The three molarities of the permanganate solutions were then calculated. The molarities were added to the class data which would calculate the overall molarity for permanganate solutions. The procedure for the depth psychology of the iron pill was to first grind 2 iron pills in a mortar and pistol. There was 63 mg of iron per pill. 0. 3 grams was weighed on weighing paper, and an Erlenmeyer flask was tarred. The powder was then put in the flask and massed to 0. 01 g. This was then repeated with the second sample. 25 mL water, 15 mL 3M H2SO4, and a few drops of H3PO4(aq) was added to each flask and swirled until the iron pill was dissolved. The initial volume of the reading in the buret was recorded, and permanganate was added to the iron pill solution in flask 1 until the same point is reached. The final volume reading was recorded, and the exact volume of the permanganate used was found. The titration process was repeated using the iron pill in flask 2. The mixtures in flasks were washed down the drain, and the flasks were rinsed with water.The buret was rinsed with tap water and the stopcock was open for storage. RESULTS Standardization FAS mass Flask 1 0. 500 gtarred 0. 485 g FAS mass Flask 2 0. 501 gtarred 0. 496 g FAS mass Flask 3 0. 497 gtarred 0. 467 g KMnO4 Initial V (mL) Final V (mL) Solution used (mL) Titration 1 0. 01 25. 45 25. 44 Titration 2 0. 00 26. 36 26. 36 Titration 3 0. 00 24. 31 24. 31 Iron Pills Iron Pill mass Flas k 1 0. 286 g Iron Pill mass Flask 2 0. 293 g KMnO4 Initial V (mL) Final V (mL) Solution used (mL) Titration 1 0. 00 18. 09 18. 09 Titration 2 0. 00 18. 17 18. 7 The data found in this lab allowed for the discovery of the percentage by composition of Fe2+ in the iron pills. For the standardization data, the different titrations is the in open variable, and the volumes of KMnO4 is the dependent variable. In order to find the percentage by composition of Fe2+ in the iron pills, the KMnO4 needed to be titrated and the starting, final, and solution used needed to be recorded. The solution used will later be used in liters to find the molarity of each flask of KMnO4. The data above the table is how much FAS was in each flask when it was tarred, and with the flask itself.For the iron pills data, the different titrations is the dependent variable, and the volumes of KMnO4 is the dependent variable. For each titration, the initial, final, and solution used is recorded on this data table a lso. The solution used will later be used in liters to determine the grams of Fe2+. The data above the table is how much iron was in each flask measured in grams. CALCULATIONS Flask 1 0. 485g (1 mol FAS/392. 16g) (2 mol KMnO4/10 mol FAS) = 2. 473*10-4 mol KMnO4 Flask 2 0. 496g (1 mol FAS/392. 16g) (2 mol KMnO4/10 mol FAS) = 2. 530*10-4 mol KMnO4 Flask 3 0. 467g (1 mol FAS/392. 6g) (2 mol KMnO4/10 mol FAS) = 2. 340*10-4 mol KMnO4 Flask 1 (2. 473*10-4 mol KMnO4/0. 02544L) = 0. 00972M Flask 2 (2. 530*10-4 mol KMnO4/0. 02636L) = 0. 00960M Flask 3 (2. 340*10-4 mol KMnO4/0. 02431L) = 0. 00980M Average M = 0. 00971M Flask 1 0. 01809L (0. 00971 mol/1L) = 1. 7565*10-4 mol MnO4- 1. 7565*10-4 mol MnO4- (0. 00971 mol/1L) (5 mol/1 mol) = 8. 78270*10-4 mol Fe2+8. 78270*10-4 mol Fe2+ (55. 85g Fe2+/1 mol Fe2+) = 0. 04905g Fe2+ Flask 2 0. 018171L (0. 00971 mol/1L) = 1. 7643*10-4 mol MnO4- 1. 7643*10-4 mol MnO4- (5 mol/1 mol) (0. 00971mol/1L) = 8. 8215 mol Fe2+ 8. 8215 mol Fe2+ (55. 85g/1 mol) = 0. 4 92g Fe2+ (0. 04905g Fe2+/0. 286g Fe2+) * 100 = 17. 15% (0. 0492g Fe2+/0. 293g Fe2+) * 100 = 16. 82% 17. 15% + 16. 82% = 33. 97% (33. 97% / 2) = 16. 99% DISCUSSION The results from the lab procedure fully support the lab results expected. If the hardiness of the lab was not reliable, then the percentage of iron in the iron pills would not be 17%. The results from the lab was 16. 99% which is extremly close to the actual percentage of iron. The results compare with the manufacturers stated vcalue of %Fe because the results were over the percentage depicted by the company by . 31%. There were 389. 5mg in each pill, and 16. 9% of this would be 66. 18mg. Compared to 65mg which was determined by taking 10 pills, weighing them, and dividing by 10, the desired yield was reached. Any mistake in discrepancy greater than 5% would be a mistake in the titration process or misweighed mass. Titration was used in this lab to oxidize the Fe2+ to Fe 3+ in the FAS, using potassium permanganate soluti on. It was then used to determine the concentration of Fe2+ in iron pills. The results supported the scientific concept of titration because the process was done right and carefully in order to get the scalelike results to 17% as possible.There was one validity error made in the lab though while the titration process was being done. With flask 2, the stopcock on the buret was not turned parallel to the ground in time and too much KMnO4 was added to the flask. This caused the color to be more of a light magenta color, instead of a peachy or salmony color like flask 1 and 3 were. As explained before, this did not interfere with the results of the percentage of iron in the iron pills, as it was . 01% away from being exactly correct. It is still a validity error, and needs to be taken into account.For the next time this lab is performed, the person doing the titrating should be extremly careful to do it right and take their time, in order to get the best results possible. (Picture To the left is flask 1, the middle is flask 2 and shows the validity error, and to the right is flask 3. Flask 1 had a translucent peachy color, flask 2 had a translucent light magenta color, and flask 3 had a translucent salmon color (the lightest). ) CONCLUSION This lab definitely explains how to do a titration, but also gives a hands on last and visual of the chemical reaction of iron oxidizing from Fe2+ to Fe3+.It also gives a hands experience and visual of determining the concentration of Fe2+ in iron pills. This lab was three-figure because it refers to how much the amount of the present element or compound there is. The theoritical data compares to the experimental data because the theoretical data gave the conclusion that there was 17% iron in the iron pills. The experimental results gave a very similar result at 16. 99%. With those results, this lab was a success and brought to the conclusion that veritable(a) with a small error with the titration, the validity of this lab is very reliable.

Organizational Security Plan Essay

For any organization and business, physical trade protection is a incumbent aspect of protecting its rapidness, properties and employees against unwanted criminal activities. To choose the best organisational gage plan possible, the organization moldiness first conduct a thorough risk and threat assessment to assist in developing physical surety measure plan. Basic physical controls focus on three levels of protection, which is the outside perimeter, the inside perimeter and the inside(prenominal) of a building. Each of these security levels must include at least two to three forms of security values to make physical controls effective.An organization that is pursuing physical security should follow the recommended security best practices and implement the necessary steps to ensure the most effective physical security possible. At its core, physical security helps achieve protection of the personnel and assets by keeping the thievery and different malicious criminal activit ies. Outer, Inner and interior Perimeter Security To better understand how to effectively implement security measures on the three basic levels of protection, there must be a clear distinction between the outer, inner and interior perimeter security.The outer perimeter of a property is unremarkably defined by the property lines. The adeptnesss outer perimeter is fenced with a distinctive glide slope point of entry, such as gate. The main persona of establishing the outer perimeter security is to control all the traffic recording and leaving the property, meaning only authorized personnel and visitors should be granted the access pass the gateway gate. For an organization to decide which type of outer perimeter security is the most suit able-bodied one for its purposes, it postulate to weigh the pros, cons and the cost of an intruder entering the property versus the physical security available. out-of-door grammatical construction Security External Security is the next line of defense, right after the perimeter security. External Security must take into friendship various factors that can potentially influence the security measures settings, such as weather and natural events. The organization must evaluate the value of what needs to be secured and protected in order to better apply appropriate extraneous security measures. Such assessment of valuables should be objective there is a difference between external security of high tech laboratories and the one of a small business owner.Each facility has very particularized security needs, financial resources and abilities to implement appropriate measures of protection. M any large crustal plate organizations and business use fencing and a gate as a primary source of external building security. Fencing is a clear sign of the propertys perimeter and it means the property is one-on-one and any unauthorized trespassing will be reported to local law enforcement authorities. around private residence owner s even use dogs as an external building security.There are various ways to find the most suitable tools, and it should be done so after a thorough consideration of the risk and threat assessment. Lighting is another great security tool to scare intruders or at least make their subject field more problematical and exposed to the surrounding. Nowadays, there are many sophisticating lighting systems that can be configured to fit exactly the buildings needs. Some lights can be turned on at all times during dark hours. Such approach is however more used for internal lighting and implemented by various companies and their office branches such as UPS, Pet Supermarkets or other retailers.Exterior lighting is constitutionally important for large outside perimeter, where the facility is fenced, has a main entrance point and even is guarded by a security military officer. That security officer cannot have good visual perspective at night, however with the fence being lightened and the buil ding exterior having lighting set up throughout, it allows the security officer to better view suspicious activities and therefore reacts faster if an intruder trespass the facility. PIR exercise detector sensor so that it will switch the light on when sweat is detected.Some lighting has a apt override feature to allow the light to stay permanently on and is useful if there is a need for light outside the property for a length of time. (Secure Home, 2012) Modern lighting systems are also sustainable to severe weather such as snow storm, heavy rain storms and other extreme weather conditions. Security Alarms and CCTV Security alarms are very popular and useful security tools that are commonly found in both private residences and organizational facilities.Although they are mostly used for internal security, those that wish to secure their premises with the state of the art technologies, outside security alarms can provide just that. They work very similarly to interior security a larms they breed triggered once the intruder gains an entry without proper authorization. They can be either silent or loudly and notify the property owner, management or local authorities directly. Closed tour TV cameras are also used for both external and interior security and it depends on the organizations needs to select in what way to use them.The bright side is that CCTV used to be quite pricy in the past and became rather affordable in the past years. Inner Perimeter Security Inner perimeter security takes care of all the entrance points to a building, including windows, doors and other points of entrance. They all should be secured with about type of lock, whether it is a regular bolt lock or more sophisticated keypad lock. Some entrance points may be guarded by security officers who check employees and visitors IDs to ensure only authorized individuals get inside the building.At some instances, biometric scanning devices are used to scan finger prints, eyes or other body parts to protect against intrusion with stolen ID. What type of security measure an organization chooses solely depends on the organizational security plan. Inner perimeter security system should be assessed and updated periodically to ensure the highest efficiency possible. Internal Building Security Internal building security can be perhaps the most challenging when it comes to the overall facilitys security.Especially with large scale buildings with multiple floors, numerous rooms and a large number of employees and staff, an intruder can easily blend in. The purpose of internal security is detecting any type of activity that is out of ordinary and may signalize a possible intrusion or security breach. The organization must also fast follow and adhere to privacy laws to avoid any potential law suits or legal issues. Interior security covers everything that is inside a building or property. There are several ways that an organization can provide security to the building.Ther e are high tech quality cameras such as the Closed Circuit TV cameras that monitor the entire inside, record, and store these movements for certain period of time for a later review. These cameras can work simultaneously with motion detectors to add an extra benefit. Video surveillance is proven to be a highly efficient security measure, especially when the physical security is not able to monitor the entire interior at all times. Not only would it be costly, still quite impractical. With a well configured surveillance system, every floor, every section or even every room within the building can be set up with a Closed Circuit TV camera.Then, there must be designated security personnel to monitor such footage from either a remote location or a specific room within the building to respond if any suspicious activity is detected. They can monitor and view every part of the building without being physically present. If a suspicious activity is noticed, which is of course very likely du ring the course of time, a trained professional such as the active security officer on duty, must quickly evaluate the occurring situation and decide on action. This approach is often used by many large organizations such as hospital facilities, large retailers or casinos.One of the most important and often difficult parts of the surveillance is to go through the footage and filter out what movement is irrelevant and what may be a signal of security breach. Access Control The major objective of access control is to whom grant authorization to enter certain restricted areas that are not open to the entire personnel. Access control is the foundation of interior security, whether it is access to the internal offices, storage rooms and other areas, IT rooms, and other secure areas in the building.Governmental agencies and institutions conduct thorough background investigations for various job positions to hire only those individuals who able to receive a security clearance, such as indu strial clearance or top security clearance, that automatically allow these individuals to work in certain buildings and areas, but not inescapably view all confidential documents, unless specifically permitted. Private organizations can choose their own way how to grant access. One of the possibilities is to issue special ID badges that must be scanned prior to entering certain areas within the building.Another way is to install keypad locks or issue special keys to the authorized personnel. It is up to the security music director and the project manager to decide, which way is most suitable for their organization. These access control measures do not eliminate the presence of a security officer, but rather add an extra layer to the overall security. Every organization must keep in mind that an intrusion does not always happen from the outside, but also from the inside by the employees and staff, who try to obtain materials they would not be able to get otherwise.Estimated Budget Every organization has very specific needs that are based on various factors. To properly assess those needs and what security measures to implement, there must be specific facts considered. Besides what was already discussed in this paper, such as the size of the building, the capacity, the surroundings and location and the valuables of the inside, there is one factor that ultimately determines what security measures an organization can apply towards its organizational security plan and that are the estimated budget and costs of these security tools.In the present time, there are numerous options, various brands and large number of providing contractors that are competing to get the organizations business. After a thorough research, an organization can decide what are the pros and cons of these security measures and if they ultimately provide the needed benefit the facility needs. Annually, there are hundreds of millions of dollars spent in the US alone on security measures by priv ate organizations, such as alarm systems, deadbolt locks, keypad locks, surveillance systems and other tools.When it comes to the Federal government, the numbers are even higher. Funding for homeland security has risen from $16 one thousand million in FY2001 to $71. 6 billion requested for FY2012. Adjusted for inflation, the United States has spent $635. 9 billion on homeland security since FY2001. Of this $163. 8 billion has been funded within the Pentagons annual budget. The stay $472. 1 billion has been funded through other federal agencies.

Elderly Sexual Activity And Health Health And Social Care Essay

As Lindau et Al. ( 2003 ) point out, familiar practice involves the forming of a partnership and pertains to the behaviours, attitudes, map and performance of knowledgeablely active persons. familiar activity has been associated with wellness ( Addis, Van retreat Eeden and Wassel-Fyr, 2006 Laumann, Nicolosi and Glasser, 2005 ) , and complaint and sickness might significantly impair informal wellness ( Schover, 2000 ) . Aged stack ar receivers of a liberal array of devices and medicines which aim at handling jobs of a knowledgeable nature. While the demand for services and medicine pertaining to sexual wellness is increasing, however non much is cognize about the sexual behaviour of grownups over 65 old ages of age.In the developed states, the chronological age of 65 old ages old is mostly authorized as a cut-off point for categorization of a individual as one-time(a) or elderly . While common definitions of the 3rd age such(prenominal) as this are so practically utilised, there exists no general consensus as to the point in clip when one really becomes old. Normally, the clip in feel when one becomes eligible for a pension is adopted as declarative mood of old age. The United Nations do non utilize a measure standard, but however agrees to 60+ old ages as mentioning to the elderly ( WHO, 2010 ) .A definition of ripening is provided by Gorman ( 2000 ) ripening is a extremely preset biologic procedure which eludes human control. At the aforesaid(prenominal) clip, age is defined in a constructivist universe, where different societies assign different significances to old age. Chronological age is seen as most of import in developed states. The age in the midst of 60 and 65 is taken to mean the oncoming of old age. By contrast, in umpteen underdeveloped states, age by old ages bears little family relationship to the definition of old age. In such states, the significance of old age whitethorn front alternatively on the functions tha t are been assigned to older people, or even on the loss of previously-held functions, which may come as a issuing of congenital physical diminution. In amount, while the developed universe defines old age in a mode extremely chronological, the equal is frequently non true for developing states, where people start to be perceived as elderly when their active function engagement is no longer possible ( Gorman, 2000 ) .Harmonizing to a definition by the World Health Organization ( 2001 ) , gender is a natural portion of human development through every stage of deportment history and includes physical, psychological, and social constituents ( p. 13 ) . Another definition of gender provided by Rheaume and Mitty ( 2008 ) states that gender is a nucleus dimension of life that incorporates impressions, beliefs, facts, phantasies, rites, attitudes, determine, and rights with respect to gender individuality and function, sexual Acts of the Apostless and orientation, and facets of p leasance, familiarity, and reproduction and involves biological, psychological, social, economic, spiritual, sacred and cultural constituents ( p. 342 ) .Health is defined as a body politic of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and non simply the absence of disease or valetudinarianism ( WHO, 2001, p. 8 ) . In bend, sexual wellness implies a positive attack to human gender and is hence an indispensable constituent of generative wellness. It includes the integrating of bodily, emotional, rational, and societal facets of an person in ways which positively enrich and enhance person-to-personity, communicating, love and human relationships ( p. 13 ) . Sexual wellness, non unlike physical wellness, is viewed as a province of wellbeing where there is an outlook of enchantable experiences without the invasion of negative feelings such as shame, fright, force per unit area or force. In maintaining with this definition, Calamidas ( 1997 ) suggests that place or assist ed-living nurses can play a important function in the fictional character of aged people s life through assisting them attain and continue a positive mentality toward the look of their single gender.Historically, a big proportion of today s aged people grew up and lived during a clip when societal norms were both conservative and gender-biased. Broadly talking, sexual intercourse was considered as a enjoyable experience chiefly for the convey forces while self-aggrandising females were thereby pass judgment to sexually fulfill their hubbies and to do babes ( Hajjar and Kamel, 2003 ) . Peoples that today are over 70 old ages old may hold really missed the sexual vicissitude of the sixtiess in the context and societal conditions under which it took topographic point, since they were already married and engrossed in their stool and star sign life. This interesting analysis by Hajjar and Kamel ( 2003 ) returns to fence that the challenges to familiarity and gender faced by that age group may be partially due to the acceptance of a instead conservative set of values and beliefs about gender, a limited handiness and entree to knowledge on gender, and a deficiency of experiencing comfy with their gender.Rheaume and Mitty ( 2008 ) suggest that nowadays the traditional stereotypes sing ripening, familiarity and gender are being reexamined that is, the point of position is promoted that a relish for familiarity and for sexual contact does non hold to discontinue at any point during the life-time. Knowledge on the sexual activity of the aged people nevertheless is far from complete, particularly within a cross-cultural context every bit life-threatening as with mention to educational and fiscal position. In this visible radiation, the generalizability of research findings in this country is instead hindered. Oftentimes, this means that wellness professionals may be left jolly in the dark refering the wants and demands of older grownups as to their gender ( Rheaume and Mitty, 2008, p. 342 ) .Sex of the AgedThe National Social Life, Health and Aging Project ( NSHAP ) has taken up the undertaking of garnering informations on the sexual activity, behaviours and jobs of aged people ( Lindau et al. , 2007 ) . The findings of the national American sample of NSHAP show that while sexual activity tends to diminish with age, most older grownups continue to bask sexual marital or other relationships, every bit good as see their gender an of import facet of life. The bulk of persons aged 57 to 85 old ages old, and about one in three of persons aged between 75 85 old ages old were active sexually. Even in their 80s or 90s, the aged may pattern sex and/or onanism ( Lindau et al. , 2007 ) .There is grounds to propose that some work forces and adult females retain their sexual desire and partnership during the whole of their life ( Addis et al. , 2006 AARP, 1999 Nicolosi, Laumann and Glasser, 2004 Bacon et al. , 2003 ) . Some of these surveies n evertheless have relied on comparatively little sample sizes, and have utilized non-random sampling methods. Taking into comity the above unfavorable judgments, Lindau et Al. s ( 2007 ) survey examined the happening of sexual activity in sexually active participants and did non happen significantly lessening with old age. At the same clip, the degrees of reported sexual activity in respondents between 60 and 74 old ages old were comparable to the degrees reported by grownups from 18 to 59 old ages old, in a broad US study ( Laumann et al. , 1994 ) .Adults aged 65 old ages and over can retain an active and fulfilling sexual life throughout their old ages ( WHO, 2002 ) . Frequent sexual activity is normally reported after in-between age ( Janus and Janus, 2003 ) . In the study of the American Association of Retired Persons ( AARP, 1999 ) including 1384 aged persons, although sexual activity was reported as being enjoyable, no overarching understanding was reached as to the importance of sex toward keeping a good relationship. The research by AARP ( 1999 ) besides found that old grownups who have spouses tend to experience that a carry throughing sexual relationship is of import, as opposed to old grownups with no spouses. hands older than 75 were more likely to hold a partner or spouse and appeared to keep more favourable attitudes or more date towards sex than did adult females of the same age. Work force, whether they had a spouse or non, reported a higher frequence of ideas, feelings and phantasies tie in to sex than by and hulky did adult females.Steinke et Al. s ( 2008 ) research with healthy aged people reported that the lesser wellness limitations of the aged helped them to retain their sexual activity throughout the configuration of their lives. Womans in their 3rd age normally demonstrate a larger decline of sexual activity with clip than make same-aged work forces ( Lindau et al. , 2007 ) . Harmonizing to the consequences of a transnational study of individuals 40 to 80 old ages of age ( Laumann, Paik and Glasser, 2006 ) , adult females tend to believe of sex as a less of import aspect of life than make work forces, and they besides tend to report more absence of pleasance from it.The finding of the kineticss that are involved in sexual satisfaction are of peculiar importance here ( Carpenter, Nathanson and Kim, 2009 ) . Henderson-King and Veroff ( 1994 ) and Sprecher ( 2002 ) have found that sexual satisfaction enhances the person s wellbeing, while it promotes the stableness of a matrimony and of other personal relationships. A better cognition of the factors that promote and lessen sexual satisfaction may assist in the development of better-suited clinical and policy intercessions against sexual jobs ( Bancroft, 2002 ) . As populations age, a sound apprehension of sexual activity in aged people is going more and more relevant people now enjoy longer and healthier lives, attitudes toward gender are being transformed and the importance of a fulfilling sexual life toward the attainment of personal felicity is being recognised ( Seidman, 1991 Calasanti & A Slevin, 2001 ) .Quality of lifeA figure of writers have suggested that physicians and policy-makers are going more and more aware of the importance of human gender for wellness and for good quality of life across the life span ( Lindau et al. , 2007 Satcher, 2001 WHO, 2002 ) . In his description of the cross-cultural survey of the World Health Organization, Quality of Life/Older Adults ( including such subjects as liberty, activity, functionality, familiarity, relationships, socialisation, decease, and deceasing, Robinson ( 2007 ) states that gender, wellness position and personal relationships were all significantly related to quality of life. earthly concerny surveies have found that sexual activity bears a important relationship to duration of service and positive wellness results ( Palmore, 1982 Davey Smith, Frankel and Yarnell, 1997 On der et al. , 2003 ) .Sexual jobsSince the beginning of the twenty-first century new and considerable attending has been paid to the gender of the aged as a consequence of the creative activity of drugs that treat cavernous dysfunction. Male erectile disfunction, if treated efficaciously, can protract the active sex life of the aged of both genders throughout life ( Lindau, 2010 ) . As Cambois, Robine and Hayward ( 2001 ) point out, in many states sexual jobs comprise a major issue for aged people in the United States, about one in two 57 to 85 twelvemonth olds who are sexually active study that they have at least one sexual quandary, and one in three reference at least two such afflictions. Consequently, the bulk of the aged people in Lindau et Al. s ( 2007 ) survey did describe teasing jobs of a sexual nature, and about one in four sexually active aged participants of both genders refrained from sexual intercourse as a consequence of a sexual job topic to curative intercession.Du ring the passage to old age, alterations in physiology can impair the sexual reactivity of aged adult females and work forces, while they may impact, either negatively or positively, their sexual map ( Bachmann and Leiblum, 2004 Rosen et al. , 2005 ) . Different facets of gender had been found to hold a negative coefficient of correlation with hapless wellness and age ( Laumann et al. , 2005 Schover, 2000 Laumann, Paik and Rosen, 1999 Camacho and Reyes-Ortiz, 2005 ) . Isselbacher et Al. ( 1994 ) and Rosen et Al. ( 2005 ) province that jobs of a sexual nature may move as precursors or as epiphenomena to important infections or diseases such as diabetes or malignant neoplastic disease. Sexual jobs that go unnoticed and/or untreated may take to or co-occur with depression and societal backdown ( Nicolosi et al. , 2004 Morley and Tariq, 2003, Araujo et al. , 1998 ) . Medicine prescribed to the aged may hold an inauspicious consequence on sexual life ( Finger, Lund and Slagle, 1997 ) even medicine which treats sexual jobs may hold inauspicious wellness effects ( Lindau et al. , 2006 Gott, Hinchliff and Galena, 2004 ) .Steinke et Al. ( 2008 ) besides found that aged participants who were non active sexually showed a deterioration of sexual self-concept, self-efficacy, and satisfaction. In Konstam, Moser and De Jong s ( 2005 ) research, a heightened self-efficacy was demonstrated to better on both sexual map and emotional operation, non excepting depression.Health and genderLindau et Al. s ( 2007 ) survey found sexual activity to be positively related to the physical wellness of the aged, peculiarly in aged work forces. In general, healthy persons of all ages were more likely to prosecute in matrimonial or other intimate relationships and to be more sexually active. Furthermore, physical wellness was found to be related to different aspects of sexual map, every bit good as sexual jobs, irrespective of age similar findings have been reported by other research workers ( Laumann et al. , 1999 Bacon et al. , 2003 ) . It is advisable so that, when specific conditions apply, aged people who have wellness jobs or who are to have intervention which may act upon their sexual operation may necessitate to be evaluated based on their wellness position alternatively of their age ( Laumann et al. , 2005 ) .In a representative national analysis, Lindau ( 2010 ) assessed the relationship between gender, as measured per sexual activity and quality of sex life, and planetary self-reported physical wellness in mature and aged grownups. Lindau ( 2010 ) found that particularly for older adult females, self-rated wellness was closely related to holding a spouse. Overall, participants who were of really good or first-class physical wellness were approximately 1.7 times more likely to demo an involvement in sex than did participants of less than good wellness.As Lindau ( 2010 ) puts it, when compared to adult females, work forces tend to pass significantly more of their life being sexually active but, at the same clip, miss out on significantly more old ages of sexual activity as a effect of less than good wellness. This strong relationship between work forces s wellness and expected continuance of a sexually active life may be partially attributable to inveterate diseases but besides to intervention received for erectile disfunction ( Westlake et al. , 1999 Solomon, Man and Jackson, 2003 Burke et al. , 2007 ) .The United Nations ( 2007 ) have proposed that in the developed and developing states, a acoustic projection of people s sexual activity as they become older can be utile in foretelling wellness demands and resources, sexual function-related services, the recovery from sexual disfunction due to illness, every bit good as the intervention for normally happening wellness conditions in the 3rd age. At the same clip, the want to protract the continuance of their sexual life can modify older people s of import wellness behaviour s mature grownups may for spokesperson quit smoke or take their medicine more earnestly if they expect that their action will advance a drawn-out and carry throughing sexual life ( United Nations, 2007 ) .II?I?II?I?I?I?III?IAddis IB, Van Den Eeden SK, Wassel-Fyr CL, et Al. Sexual activity and map in middle-aged and older adult females. Obstet Gynecol 2006 107755-64.American Association of Retired Persons. Modern adulthood. Sexuality survey. Washington DC AARP 1999.Araujo AB, Durante R, Feldman HA, Goldstein I, McKinlay JB. The relationship between depressive symptoms and male erectile disfunction cross-sectional consequences from the Massachusetts Male Aging Study. Psychosom Med 1998 60458-65.Araujo AB, Mohr BA, McKinlay JB. Changes in sexual map in middle-aged and older work forces longitudinal informations from the Massachusetts Male Aging Study. J Am Geriatr Soc 2004 521502-9.Bachmann GA, Leiblum SR. The impact of endocrines on menopausal gender a literature reappraisal. c limacteric 2004 11120-30.Bacon CG, Mittleman MA, Kawachi I, Giovannucci E, Glassser DB, Rimm EB. Sexual map in work forces older than 50 old ages of age consequences from the Health Professionals Follow-up Study. Ann Intern Med 2003 139161-8.Bancroft, J. ( 2002 ) . The checkupization of female sexual disfunction The demand for cautiousness. Archivess of Sexual Behavior, 31, 451-455.Burke JP, Jacobson DJ, McGree ME, Nehra A, Roberts RO, Girman CJ, et Al. Diabetess and sexual disfunction consequences from the Olmsted County survey of urinary symptoms and wellness position among work forces. J Urol 2007 1771438-42.Calamidas EG. Promoting wellness gender among older grownups educational challenges for wellness professionals. J Sex Educ Ther 1997 2245-9.Calasanti, T. M. , & A Slevin, K. F. ( 2001 ) . Gender, societal inequalities, and aging. Walnut Creek, CA Altamira Press.Camacho ME, Reyes-Ortiz CA. Sexual disfunction in the aged age or disease? Int J Impot Res 2005 17 Suppl 1 S5 2-S56.Cambois E, Robine JM, Hayward MD. Social inequalities in disability-free life anticipation in the Gallic male population, 1980-1991. Demography 2001 38513-24.Davey Smith G, Frankel S, Yarnell J. Sexual activity and decease are they related? Findingss from the Caerphilly Cohort Study. BMJ 1997 3151641-4.Finger WW, Lund M, Slagle MA. Medicines that may lend to sexual upsets a usher to appraisal and intervention in household pattern. J Fam Pract 1997 4433-43.Gorman M. Development and the rights of older people. In Randel J, et al. , explosive detection systems. The ripening and development study poorness, independency and the universe s older people. London, Earthscan Publications Ltd.,19993-21.Gott M, Hinchliff S, Galena E. frequent practician attitudes to discoursing sexual wellness issues with older people. Soc Sci Med 2004 582093-103.Hajjar RR, Kamel HK. Sex in the nursing place, portion 1 attitudes and barriers to sexual look. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2003 4152-6.Henderson-K ing, D. H. , & A Veroff, J. ( 1994 ) . Sexual satisfaction and matrimonial wellbeing in the first old ages of matrimony. ledger of Social and Personal Relationships, 11, 509-534.Isselbacher KJ, Martin JB, Braunwald E, Fauci AS, Wilson JD, Kasper DL, eds. Harrison s rules of internal medical specialty. 13th erectile dysfunction. New York McGraw-Hill, 1994262.Janus SC, Janus CL. The Janus study on sexual behaviour. 1993. Cited in M. Wallace. Sexuality and aging in longterm attention. Ann Long-Term Care 2003 1153-9.Konstam V, Moser D, De Jong M. Depression and anxiousness in affectionateness failure. J Card Fail 2005 11455-63.Laumann EO, Gagnon JH, Michael RT, Michaels S. The societal organisation of gender sexual patterns in the United States. Chicago University of Chicago Press, 199488.Laumann EO, Nicolosi A, Glasser DB, et Al. Sexual jobs among adult females and work forces aged 40-80 Y preponderance and correlatives identified in the Global Study of Sexual Attitudes and Behavi ors. Int J Impot Res 2005 1739-57.Laumann EO, Paik A, Glasser DB, et Al. A cross-national survey of subjective sexual wellbeing among older adult females and work forces findings from the Global Study of Sexual Attitudes and Behaviors. Arch Sex Behav 2006 35145-61.Laumann EO, Paik A, Rosen RC. Sexual disfunction in the United States prevalence and forecasters. JAMA 1999 281 537-44.Carpenter LM, Nathanson I-CA, Kim YJ. Physical Women, Emotional Work force Gender and Sexual Satisfaction in Midlife. Arch Sex Behav ( 2009 ) 3887-107.Lindau, S.T. ( 2010 ) . Sexual activity, wellness, and old ages of sexually active life gained due to good wellness grounds from two US population-based cross sectional studies of ageing. BMJ, 340, 810Lindau ST, Laumann EO, Levinson W, Waite LJ. Synthesis of scientific subjects in chase of wellness the Interactive Biopsychosocial Model. Perspect Biol Med 2003 46 Suppl 3 S74-S86.Lindau ST, Leitsch SA, Lundberg KL, Jerome J. Older adult females s attitudes , behaviour, and communicating about sex and HIV a community-based survey. J Womens Health ( Larchmt ) 2006 15747-53.Lindau ST, Schumm L, Laumann E, Levinson W, OMuircheartaigh C, Waite L. A survey of gender and wellness among older grownups in the United States. N Engl J Med 2007 357762-74.Morley JE, Tariq SH. Sexual disfunction in older individuals. In Hazzard WR, Blass JP, Halter JB, Ouslander JG, Tinetti ME, eds. Principles of gerontological medical specialty and geriatrics. 5th erectile dysfunction. New York McGraw- Hill, 20031311-23.Nicolosi A, Laumann EO, Glasser DB, et Al. Sexual behaviour and sexual disfunctions after age 40 the Global Study of Sexual Attitudes and Behaviors. urogenital medicine 2004 64991-7.Nicolosi A, Moreira ED Jr, Villa M, Glasser DB. A population survey of the association between sexual map, sexual satisfaction and depressive symptoms in work forces. J Affect Disord 2004 82235-43.Onder G, Penninx B, Guralnik JM, Jones H, Fried LP, Pahor M, et Al. S exual satisfaction and hazard of disablement in older adult females. J Clin Psychiatry 2003 641177-82.Palmore EB. Forecasters of the length of service difference a 25-year followup. Gerontologist 1982 22513-8.Rheaume, C. , and Mitty, E. ( 2008 ) . Sex and familiarity in older grownups. Geriatric Nursing, 29, 342-349.Robinson JG, Mohlzan AE. Sexuality and quality of life. J Gerontol Nurs 2007 3319-27.Rosen RC, Wing R, Schneider S, Gendrano N. Epidemiology of erectile disfunction the function of medical comorbidities and lifestyle factors. Urol Clin North Am 2005 32403-17.Satcher D. The sawbones general s call to action to advance sexual wellness and responsible sexual behavior. US Department of Health and Human Services, 2001.Schover LR. Sexual jobs in chronic unwellness. In Leiblum SR, Rosen RC, eds. Principles and pattern of sex therapy. New York Guilford, 2000398-422.Seidman, S. ( 1991 ) . Romantic yearnings Love in America, 1830-1980. New York Routledge.Solomon H, Man JW, Jac kson G. Erectile disfunction and the cardiovascular patient endothelial disfunction is the common denominator. Heart 2003 89251-3.Sprecher, S. ( 2002 ) . Sexual satisfaction in prenuptial relationships Associations with satisfaction, love, committedness, and stableness. Journal of Sex Research, 39, 190-197.Steinke, E.E. , Wright, D.W. , Chung, M.L. , and Moser, D.K. ( 2008 ) . Sexual self-concept, anxiousness, and self-efficacy predict sexual activity in bosom failure and healthy seniors. Heart & A Lung, 37, 323-333.United Nations. World population ageing 2007. UN, 2007.Westlake C, Dracup K, Walden JA, Fonarow G. Sexuality of patients with advanced bosom failure and their partners or spouses. J Heart Lung Transplant 1999 181133-8.World Health Organization ( 2001 ) . Definitions and indexs in household planning, motherlike & A child wellness and generative wellness used in the WHO regional office for Europe. Reproductive, Maternal and Child Health European Regional Office. revis e March 1999 & A January 2001. Accessed on 25 April 2010 at hypertext transfer protocol //www.euro.who.int/document/e68459.pdfWorld Health Organization. Specifying sexual wellness study of a good audience on sexual wellness, 28-31 January 2002. Geneva, 2002. www.who.int/reproductivehealth/topics/gender_rights/defining_sexual_health/en/index.html.World Health Organization ( 2010 ) . Definition of an older or aged individual proposed working definition of an older individual in Africa for the MDS Project. Accessed on 25 April 2010 athypertext transfer protocol //www.who.int/healthinfo/survey/ageingdefnolder/en/index.html.

Disneyland Criticism

As was stated in the article, Disneyland had been called the happiest place on earth. But, beneath the world of amusement rides and fantasy lay Disneylands manipulative intent to cover-up gruesome deaths that were caused by these rides. Throughout the years, Disneylands response to the deaths that happened on its grounds is likened to a brisk walk in the commonality, wherein they opt to opt preserving the theme parks image as against compensating the families of the victims. Security measures were put up later after the gruesome events happened.Furthermore, Disneyland twisted some of the facts to drive forward inquisitive observers, and in order to prevent the happenings from gaining pubic notice. Notice that one of Disneylands rules is not to call paramedics in time of emergencies so as not to disturb the parks serene atmosphere. From the 1960s to the contemporary times, a significant number of lives have been claimed by the so called death rides. One would be perplexed that in this long period of time, the parks management failed to foresee that these kinds of deaths could happen. Business goes on as usual, without conducting thorough investigation on these accidents.pecuniary gain is always the primordial consideration more than the welfare of the theme parks visitors no wonder why some people abominate Disneyland. Choosing pleasure over life explains the corrupt nature of the theme park. They might as well put a warning sign at the parks entrance which reads enter at your own risk. The deaths can be attributed also to the negligent nature of other employees, wherein the management could have failed to instill in them the necessary training required to operate the park. Consequently, gross contributory negligence can be imputed also to the parks managerial officers.

Sports Psychology

Sport mental science Athletes in todays society atomic morsel 18 bigger, stronger, and faster than ever before but they still share the same goals as their predecessors, climb to the twitch of their fun and be crowned champion. Unlike in previous gen geological erations, the game is no longer average a game, its a booming business. Major League Baseball alone boasts a third point seven billion dollar a year industry.In this new generation of big business, how do athletes cope with the pressure of grossing fifteen million dollars a year and performing in front of 20 thousand screaming fans packed into Madison Square Garden or seventy-two thousand passionate Cheese Heads at Lambeau Field? One of those answers is with boast psychological science. But one answer leads us cut out a convoluted path with many other unanswered questions. This paper will define lark about psychology and identify where it come from. It will also discuss the target areas of bid psychology and how are they applied.The terminal topic will describe frolic psychologists do. According to the mutant psychology program at San Diego nation University, sport psychology throne be defined as the study of people and their behavior in sport and exercise contexts, or the effect of sport itself on human behavior, or a field of study in which the principles of psychology are applied in a sports setting. (SDSU, web para. 1) How did we mother at this definition? The history of sport psychology rat be divided into five decimal points date as early as 1895 to the present.The first period is from 1895-1920. Norman Triplett, a psychology professor at Indiana University, was the first researcher to confirm that bicyclists sometimes rode faster when they raced in conclaves or pairs than when they rode alone. Following Tripletts hold in 1899 is E. W. Scripture of Yale. Scripture believed that a certain set of personality traits could be fostered by dint of participation in sports. In 190 3, G. T. W Patrick wrote an article for the American ledger of Psychology that stated attendance sporting events allowed fans to release pent-up emotions.We wrap up the early era with Coleman Griffith. Griffith began informal research of hoops and football players in 1918. His research led to the second period of sport psychology named in his honor, the Griffith era. The Griffith era of sport psychology begins in 1921 and runs into 1938. Coleman Griffith is considered the grandfather of north-central American Sport Psychology due to his contributions during this period. amidst 1921 and 1931, Griffith published over twenty five research articles relating to sport psychology.Griffith was also appointed as the handler of research in athletics at the University of Illinois in 1925. The focus of the department was psychomotor skills, learning, and personality. The largest accomplishments of Griffith come in 1926 and 1928 when he wrote Psychology of Coaching and Psychology of Athleti cs respectively. We close the Griffith era when Phillip Wrigley hires him as sport psychologist for the clams Cubs in 1938. The third and fourth periods of sport psychology are by far the slowest ontogenesis time for the new science.This portion begins in 1938 when Franklin Henry of the University of California, Berkeley established the psychology of animal(prenominal) activity potassium alum program. The forties and fifties were rather stagnant but we arrive in Rome, Italy for the first World recounting of Sport Psychology in 1965. Following the World Congress gathering is the first annual North American Society for the Psychology of Sport and Physical Activity (NASPSPA) conference in 1967. NASPSPA closed the entrance on the fourth period in 1974 when they published the proceedings of their conference for the first time.Our current period in sport psychology is considered the contemporary period. The first event of the contemporary period was the establishment of the Journal o f Sport Psychology, which is now known as Sport and Exercise Psychology. One of the nigh monumental steps was during the 1984 Olympic Games when American television emphasized the aim that sport psychology contend in premier athletic facts of life. The US Olympic Team hired its first full-time sport psychologist in 1985. The trend continued in 1986 as The Association for the forwarding of Applied Sport Psychology (AAASP) is established.The AAASP began to publish their official journal in 1989. Finally, the AAASP began to award the certified consultant designation in 1991. straight off that we know what sport psychology is and where it began, we can attempt to determine the objectives of sport psychology. The first grassroots objective in sport psychology is to learn how psychological incidentors shape a persons physical performance. The second objective is to comprehend how participation in athletics affects a persons psychological health, development, and well-being. With t hose two objectives in mind, how do we actually apply them?First off, on that point are a number of reasons for sport psychology, and for every reason, there is a distinct group of people who are using sport psychology to their advantage. With that said, lets move on to those reasons. The first reason for sport psychology is plausibly the most obvious, the pursuit of excellence by athletes. Simply put, sport psychology plays a vital role in how athletes train. Next is the enormous salaries paid in passe-partout sports today. A 24 year darkened college graduate being drafted by a professional sports team is suddenly a very wealthy person overnight. almost people need assistance in transitioning to that kind of lifestyle. Our third reason is the undisputable fact that the recognition gained by athletic competition is huge. Most children cannot tell you that the current Vice President of the unify Sates is Dick Cheney but could tell you who Alex Rodriguez or Ron James are, who th ey play for, and what position they play. The final reason for sports psychology is what is known as the fitness movement. The phenomena can be dated back to the fifties where fitness was branch to be sold as a look of life.It is safe to say that fitness is a way of life. The television can confirm this as it is filled with ads that include sports drinks and home exercise equipment. What groups is sport psychology for? We can start with our children when we let them play tee ball and pee wee football and bet all the way through senior citizens taking aerobics classes at the nearest community center. We can also include our novice intramural softball leagues on the weekends all the way to our elite professionals and Olympians competing on the world stage.Applying sport psychology techniques to most of the different groups in sports is very basic. The most popular group for sport psychologists are coaches, teachers, fitness trainers, and elite athletes. Coaches, teachers, and fitne ss trainers receive basic reinforcement and motivation training to help them get their teams to perform. Our elite athletes however have a full scope of services offered to them. Most professionally owned sports teams have a team of three to four sport psychologists assisting the organization. It can be considered a type of insurance policy on their investment.Lets discuss how this insurance policy work for the pros. Sports psychologists handle many issues depending on the sub area of sport psychology in which they certified. The two basic areas are clinical sport psychology and educational sport psychology. The less traveled path of these is the clinical approach. These specialists are licensed psychologists and primarily deal with picke emotional disorders. Examples of these are athletes with eating disorders and substance abuse. The most common area of sport psychology is the educational side.Educational sport psychologists have been trained with a sport science background. This type of psychology is considered the mental coach approach. The goal of these psychologists is to assist coaches and athletes with shortcomings in their confidence level, transaction with performance anxiety, and improving concentration skills. Educational sport psychologists are typically employed by professional sports teams. These psychologists are not certified in clinical psychology and usually refer athletes with more sever disorders to a clinical psychologist.With sports and exercise such a big part of todays society, there comes a need for a field dedicated to the psychological aspects of sports and exercise. Sport psychology has grown from an accidental study of cyclists to a science that can identify what athlete performs better and why. This paper has defined what sport psychology is and where it started. I have also cover the objectives of sport psychology and how they are applied. Finally, I covered what sport psychologists do. The next time you sit down to watch a pro fessional sports contest you can ask yourself if this athlete is mentally prepared to perform today.WORKS SITED American Board of Sport Psychology. http//www. americanboardofsportpsychology. org/ Association for the Advancement of Applied Sport Psychology. http//www. aaasponline. org/ Martin, Scott. http//www. coe. unt. edu/martin/KINE5121/5121intr. htm University of North Texas. 2004 SDSU sport psychology http//www-rohan. sdsu. edu/psyched/index. html Street and Smith. For a handful of sport psychologists serving teams, a mind is a terrible thing to overlook. Street and Smiths Sports Business Journal. http//www. mwiop. com/perf_consult/articles/sport_a. html December 1999.

Theory Matrix

Many of his 14 points atomic number 18 process-driven, such as breaking down barriers between departments will lead to a reduction of waste, errors, and delay. His estimation on constantly improving the system of growthion and service is customer-driven because it focuses on providing the best possible products to customers. Toyota Curran Focuses on parts of the organization, not whole. He also defined quality as fitness for use, and substantial concept of cost of quality.Three basic strides to progress Ten steps to quality improvement The Curran Trilogy Sarans pretor Principle Curran was an engineer and he firmly debated that quality does not happen accidentally, therefore all of his theories be process driven organizations deed to determine who its customers are and plan for quality through every step of the process. look planning is the first stage of his trilogy and is basically aligning an organizations products and processes with customers needs.Bausch & Lomb Chickasa ws He focused on substance abuser friendly quality go steady and emphasized the internal customer. Cause and effect diagram (fishbone diagram) Quality circles He emphasized on the internal customer, meaning that during each step in the creation of a product or service, the department will need to treat the ext department as a customer, so that quality is controlled at every step. This is how Jigsaws method is process-driven because every process is tightly connected to the next.His quality prerequisite is customer-driven because he pushed for the concept of company wide quality control that called for continued customer service. He believe that management should not merely focus on improving a products quality, and insisted that quality improvement hatful always go one step further. Nippon Telephone & Telegraph used quality circles. Crosby He coined the excogitate quality is free and introduced the concept of zero defects. He also believed in team building undertake that is org anization wide.Four absolutes of quality management Idea of zero defects He believes in the process of educating the entire workforce about quality principles, so when each failure is well-documented, management can institute formal programs to redesign faulty production processes. His view of how quality is not some vague concept of goodness you cant down quality that is good enough, he wants zero defect and its customer driven because e said specifications moldiness be set according to customer needs and wants. Glenn L. Martin Company (1912-1961) Figment He introduced the concept of intact quality control, which has 40 steps.He promoted the idea of a work environment in which both management and employees father a total commitment to improve quality, and people learn from each others successes. Total quality control in 40 steps (also termed company-wide quality control), which was later known as Total Quality Management. It is process driven because he believed that quality mu st be actively managed and have the usability at the highest levels of management, therefore, it is Copernican that each employee does his part correctly so the whole process is correct, and quality might become nobody job.

Chris Peterson at DSS Consulting Essay

Presentation of the Facts Surrounding the eventThe case examines a dispute between Meg Cooke, DSSs COO and Chris Peterson, newly appointed southwestward Regions team leader. Cooke appointed Peterson a leadership role for one of the newly organize cross-functional teams designated to create a new integrated budget and planning system. The cross functional teams were tasked with building relationships with animated school districts in their regions and can them a full range of DSS services and to develop new consulting offerings in response to the districts needs. (Case 2010) Theses goals were created to facilitate a transition to servicing larger districts rather than the littler districts, which DSS based it past structure around. Peterson was responsible for creating a successful and efficient team within DSSs re organization. The team was responsible for designing and creating an integrated budget and planning system with in a metre frame of six months. Cooke was updated of t he status and objectives of the project periodically.The meeting were short and not effective for either party. after(prenominal) the six month deadline was reached Peterson met with Cooke to provide an update on the status of the project her group had been on the job(p) on. Cooke unflinching that Petersons project would be discontinued, her team would be reorganized and would not be pertain in futures product development. Peterson was convinced that her team and project were excellent. Further examination of the case reveals that there may be signifi ignoret problems related to to the compeverys transition and Cooke role as COO. Cooke has several deficiencies in the state of leadership, management mien, communication, and teamwork and change management. Regarding Peterson, her exemplary team management and teamwork resulted in group-think, causing her team to lose the great power to make unbiased decisions and effectively evaluate possible risks and alternatives.Identificat ion of the Key Issue(s)Many issued argon related to the substantial strategic and organisational changes taking place at DSS. Peterson and Cooke have varied perspectives relating to leadership, management style, communication, teamwork, organizational culture, and change management. Cookes leadership is characterized by low regard for creating systems for getting the job doneand for creating a satisfying and motivating work environment. The outcome of such leadership style is disorganization, dissatisfaction and disharmony. Collected evidence pop the question that Cooke provided very little leadership to Peterson. Peterson and other associates matte anxious for the uncertainty on how the new organizational dodging would unfold. Cooke was only interested in the outcome of what Peterson and her team were working on at the oddity of the six month period. Cooke did not pose any questions and did not ask for any status updates passim the projects duration. When Peterson asked for s upport for her group and the task they were working on, Cooke did not provide any direct action. Other DSS associates felt that Cooke was playing favorites.Cooke did not involve her employs to feel involved and understand the organizations new purpose and determine the work needs. When employees are committed to and have an interest in the organization success, production and moral typically acquiesce with positive outcomes. This leads to the organization successfully meeting the designated goals. The capacity to have employees buy in to desired goals are promoted by an organizational environment based on trust and respect, which leads to high satisfaction and motivation and, as a consequence, high production. ( MindTools). Cooke gave Peterson the ability to choose her own team members, projects, and location of operations. Cooke did so in a passive manner.In the following follow-up meeting Cooke never expressed any objections to Peterson actions and plans, but when she did set a problem concerning the assistance she required form management and other supporting operations, Cooke dismissed her claims by stating that she would provide the needed facilitate at a later duration. Petersons behavior and management style influenced her teams performance, while Cookes absence of communication and guidance lead to wasted time and resources on a system that did not meet DSS goals.Listing Alternative Courses of Action That Could Be interpreted fracture communication needs to be created between mid and upper management. Proper communication testament lead to a better understanding of the goals desired. Feedback is provided by upward communication, which makes employees feel involved and can help managers to get employees to understand their concerns (Thrilwall, 2012). Cooke and Peterson communicated scarcely and poorly. No regular meeting were scheduled. When the two did communicatethere was no clear and actionable dialogue. Communication is only successful when b oth the sender and receiver understand the equivalent information as a result of communication ( MindTools, n.d.) Both Cooke and Peterson should establish regular structured communication. This can be accomplished by setting periodic meetings, written updates via e-mail or memos. These meeting impart provide downward communication that go out allow information to be dispensed to the team working on the projects in question. These meeting testament make Peterson and her team feel more involved in the focalization of the project and it will also keep Cooke abreast of the attitudes and values of her employees.Cooke can defuse any potential problems before they have a negative impact on the group and the project. Cookes could objurgate her management style. Her methods when dealing with Peterson and her team lead to confusion. Her managerial confine and direction were minimal, due the delegation of direction to Peterson, which allowed her to act with maximum freedom. Peterson was allowed to develop a specific product for a small district irrespective of the new DSS strategy to refocus its resources on acquiring larger school districts. Cooke needs to focus on redirecting Peterson and her team to achieving the newly desired mission the organization has set in place. That includes providing a direction and strategy which will integrate the individual and the organization ( Thirlwall, 2012). Peterson displayed her ability to effectively act independently. If Cooke would have provided more control pertaining to the direction Peterson and her group were heading the negative outcome could have been avoided.Evaluation of Alternative Courses of ActionBetter communication needs to be created between mid and upper management. Establishing better communication can provide several benefits for DSS. The first, which would be a necessity for any future DSS strategy to be successful would be team building. Team building can transition an organizations culture from coopera tion to collaboration. By establishing team environment employees will feel they are a part of something. The feeling of being involved in something extends the effort employees will place in projects and designated task. Better communication also creates a culture of transparency. When companies encourage employees to communicate candidly without fear of repercussions, transparency will transform from anideal to a reality. An environment of honesty promotes respect amongst employees. An increase in communication and honesty can cause increased revenue and innovation. Cooke could adjust her management style.Cooke moldiness be willing to make the needed adjustments to improve her management style. She first needs to understand herself. She has to receipt her flaws, not just in the situation with Peterson but her role in DSS organization. She also has to recognize her strengths. Her ability to identify her strengths and weakness will allow her to build a stronger relationship with her employees. The bonds that she can build with her employees and peers will be reflective of her inter personal communication skills. This reflection will provide insight into areas in the organization and within herself that require improvement. Cooke will need to continually re-evaluate her management style. Being able to realize what kit and boodle and what doesnt is key to being an effective manager ( WordPress, 2009)Recommendation of the Best Course of ActionThe silk hat course of action is for DSS to create a standard outline for communication prior to and during the lifespan of a project. These guidelines should include timing and require length of meetings, scheduled times for updates via e-mail or in person meetings. Also they should provide the specification for any information that needs to be provided to all person involved in the project in question. The information should be pertinent to the status of the project and personal. Also the tag on of information should allow as a segue to any questions or concerns by either party. An capable dialogue should be the basis of all communication throughout the projects duration.ReferencesMindTools, n.d. Blake Mouton Managerial Grid. Retrieved July 20, 2014 from http//www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newLDR_73.htm Accessed 16 June 2012MindTools, n.d. Introduction to Communication Skills. Retrieved July 20, 2014 from http//mindtools.com/CommSkll/CommunicationIntro.htm Accessed 18 June 2012Organizational Behavior and HRM. Unpublished ed. Emirates Aviation College.Thirlwall, A., 2012.Ineffective leadership in Business, Retrieved from July 22, 2014 btrostle.wordpress.com/2009/11/16/adjusting-your-management-style/