Druk Green Power Corporation LTD Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Druk Green Power Corporation LTD - Essay Example The essay "Druk Green Power Corporation LTD" presents the overview of the management of the Druk Green Power Corporation Ltd and how the expectancy theory can be applied to it. the expectancy theory is one of the contemporary theories win management which describes motivation in relation to valence, expectancy, and instrumentation. The effort in work activities is described within the expectancy theory as the input of a worker. The motivator of human effort is the perceptions of the performance which emanates from this effort. Gupta and Boyd reflect that the contemporary theories of management postulate that effective managers must motivate their diverse workforce so that their productivity is enhanced. In accordance to Bell and Martin, the product of expectancy, valence, and instrumentality is motivation. This argument further reveals the components of motivation which needs to be present for a company to achieve its goals effectively and efficiently. Within Druk Green Power Corporation Ltd, there are various departments which are charged with different functions which are all aimed at addressing the common vision of the company. Without the functions and roles of the employees within these departments, it is not possible that this would be achieved. The development of the company and its growth in productivity depends on the level into which the human resource within the company is motivated. Gupta and Boyd reveal that instrumentality within the expectancy theory represents the belief of the users of various tools.

Book Report on Roy Black Black's Law (NewY ork Touchtone, 1999) Essay

Book Report on Roy Black Black's Law (NewY ork Touchtone, 1999) - Essay Example In the book we read about Miami police officer Luis Alvarez, who lethally shot a twenty year old black man inside a video arcade, instigating three days of rioting that left two people dead. Roy Black got him off. Then there is Fred De La Mata & Steve Hicks. Hicks shot his girlfriend to death, leaving her body in a car in a bank parking lot and then he lied to police four times before claiming it was an accident. Even after all that Roy Black got him off. There is also the case of Thomas Knight, who can aptly be described as our worst nightmare come together. Roy Black got his death sentence vacated. The Alvarez case is the best one in Black's Law, not every story turns out to be a cliff-hanger, but for the most part the book proves a compelling read and probably just as compelling as he is in the courtroom. Black's definitely a better lawyer than an author, but he's truly not a novice in the literary world, either. Black begins the Alvarez story with a touch of a thriller, as he was driving along Interstate 95 on the night of the shooting, when he zoomed past the area where people were rioting. "Too close for comfort," he writes. Roy's job as a defense lawyer can most simply put entail offering a plausible scenario, and he does it brilliantly. He manages to get the jury he wants for the Alvarez trial by asking potential jurors if they had ever faced death. Another interesting aspect is Roy's intense grilling of the detective who took Alvarez's statement after the shooting which turns out to be a turning point in the case. Nevertheless the most dramatic moment is when Alvarez himself takes the stand. The cases of Fred De La Mata and Steve Hicks are less earth-shattering but have their own entertainment value. Black defended De La Mata, a banker accused of money laundering by individually grilling all witnesses against him who as it turns out had ample reason to lie. Hicks on the other hand was a bartender accused of murdering his girlfriend, Betsy Turner. The state thought they had a strong case because after the shooting, Hicks drove the dying Turner to a bank and left her there, then called the police to report her missing. Black argued that the shooting itself was an accident and that Hicks hade panicked. It is in the case that we realize that one of Roy's many gifts is his ability to explain the unexplainable, to make jurors believe anything. Then finally there is the story of Thomas Knight, who kidnapped his boss and his wife after which he forced them to withdraw $50,000 in cash from their bank, after which he drove them to a field and shot them both in the back of the neck. Knight was on death row a few days from execution when Black took over his case. Still, the story is worthless not purely because Knight is an unsympathetic character but because the appeals court vacated the death sentence for reasons that had little to do with Black's argument. Black should have found a more interesting story to wrap up his book. The book paints a realistic picture of the life of a criminal defense attorney. Each case starts off with basic info on the client and ends with a review of the defendant's present position. The book is well written but more then once Black portrays his

Market strategy of Nokia

Market strategy of Nokia This report concentrates on the performance of Nokia in the year 2009 and the strategies which led to the same. The report begins with a brief introduction of the company and follows with PEST-G and SWOT analysis for the same. In addition to this a competitor analysis has been done to compare Nokias performance to its competitors and thereby analyzing its market share. Nokia seems to outperform its competitors due to a larger market share it enjoys. As we go further, a more detailed discussion of its marketing strategies can be seen. Nokia faces more competition today than a few years ago. The invasion of Android operating systems are more preferred than Nokias Symbian operating system. Targeting, positioning and segmentation have been analysed on the basis of a few key models. The report finally concludes with the evaluation of these strategies adopted by Nokia and how effective they have been or will be in the future. INTRODUCTION Around 1.2 billion (17%) people in the world connect through Nokia every day thereby proving their claim of, Connecting People. Nokia is a public limited company that is listed on three stock exchanges: NYSE, FWB and OMX. Nokia was founded in 1865 on the banks of the Nokianvirta River in Finland to produce a product very different from what it is commonly known for. It evolved from manufacturing paper to rubber to cables to electronics and then finally the mobile phone. The company owes its diversification and entry into mobile communications to its former President and CEO, Jorma Ollila who decided in 1992 to capitalize on the potential of this upcoming and growing sector. He decided to move out of their other businesses to focus on the development of communication products which was more profitable than their other business ventures. (Nokia online) THE MARKET ENVIRONMENT Nokia is a multinational company headquartered in Finland. It employs a total of 123,553 people worldwide and sells its products in over 160 countries. Nokia has Research Development Departments in 16 countries with 17,196 employees. Its major markets are in China, India and UK. From 2008-09, Nokias market share increased in China but decreased in India and UK. The reason for its declining market shares is possibly due to increase in competitors in India and the markets already being saturated in UK. Nokia produces technological products like mobile phones and smart phones, mobile computers and networks. PEST-G Analysis Under this section, the environmental factors affecting Nokia will be highlighted. The Competition Nokias top competitors in mobile devices are Samsung, LG, RIM and Sony Ericsson but in its smart phones, they face competition from Apple and RIM. According to the 1Q reports in 2010 (table 1.1appendix), Nokia shows declining market share. Samsungs share increased in India, one of Nokias top markets. RIMs market share also went up while LG and Sony Ericssons market shares declined in value. (Gartner online) Nokia may enjoy the larger share of the market but being complacent may have its adverse effects on the firms profitability. The operating system Symbian used by Nokia is user-friendly but has very limited applications. Whereas, the operating system Android being adopted by most of its competitors is an open system that allows its users to have access to a large number of applications. Also, the operating systems of RIM and I-Phones are quickly eating up Nokias market share. The Company Increasing competition and saturation of markets is causing Nokias sales to decline causing a major decline in its profits. Source (Annual reports) Drawn on the basis of table 1.2 appendix In 2009, Nokia predicted slight improvement in their market share in 2010 but were faced with negative outcomes. According to the 3Q report of 2010, Nokias shares have fallen to about 30%.The downward trend of profits is of great concern to the company. (Total Tele online) Nokia is the manufacturer of mobile phones but it does not sell directly to its end users. It engages in transactions between businesses (B2B), for instance it sells its products to wholesalers and retailers locally and internationally. This allows Nokia to make higher volumes of transactions. This chain of distribution is explained in greater detail under the marketing mix. SWOT Analysis Nokias internal and external factors can be summarized as below Internal Strengths: Market Dominance: Its market share is more than its top 3 competitors combined Good brand name and brand loyalty Takes into account customer preferences Nokia ranks 41st in Fortunes Worlds Most Admired Companies (http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/mostadmired/2010/snapshots/6652.html) Reliable good quality products Value for money and has good resale value Weaknesses: Playing catch up with its competitors failing to bring differentiated products with a high level of competitive advantage to the market It has failed to make a brand of their models. For example, there is Samsung Galaxy S, LG Chocolate, Apple I-phone while Nokia is still using serial numbers to name its models. Their market share is declining constantly due to lack of innovative products and failure to capture the first mover advantage Insufficient marketing as opposed to its competitors Their software Symbian is under great criticism EXTERNAL Opportunities: Emerging markets like India and China hold great potential Middle East and Northern African nations are potential markets New innovative products with high competitive advantage Secure weakening position by entering into contracts with network operators to expand market share Acquire better software systems Threats: Direct competitors and threat from companies not considered as competition Their software system is no match to the Android and I-Phone software. Recession Smart phones are not competitive enough Brand image weakening/boring image Imitation (fake) and cheap products claiming to be Nokia can damage brand Nokias Marketing Strategy Based on several similar characteristics Nokia can segment their market: Demographic Features: Age and Gender: Nokia products appeal to most age groups and are more unisex. They are now introducing mobile phones with vibrant colors that would appeal to women and also the younger generations Income: Low Eg- C-series and dual sim phones Middle to High -Eg- N-series, E-series, Communicators Very High Eg- Vertu Phones Occupation: Businessmen they need phones that look professional and have multiple features: 3G technology, web access on-the-go, support organizing functions and connecting with clients. The Nokia E-series, N-series and Communicators are targeted at satisfying certain needs of businessmen. Students social networking, gaming features, and music options are the eye-catching characteristics sought by this demographic class. The N-series and Xpress Music models are quite popular in this segment. Level of Education: The user-friendly aspect of Nokia phones makes it easy for even illiterates to operate the phones. For those who like to read and use their phones aside from their communication functions, the latest Nokia phones like the N900 and other smart phones would be of great interest to them. Behavioural and Psychographic: Benefits Sought: Most Nokia products provide its users value for money as they satisfy multiple needs. For instance the Xpress Music models not only allow you to stay connected but also keep you entertained with its walkman features. Usage: Suitable for heavy or light usage. Perception and Personality: Customers perceive Nokia as a reliable and user friendly brand. Varying models for different personalities and tastes. Targeting And Positoning After Nokia has segmented its market, they develop a differentiated strategy for different segments. They aim to increase their market share by catering to all the segments. Even though their history of past products show their suitability for all age groups, recently launched products seem to be targeting the younger generation with a high level of involvement in this field. Nokia alongside its competitors Samsung, LG and Sony Ericsson offer its users a wide range of products at higher prices. They are able to charge such prices because of their brand image and benefits received by the customers in relation to the price they pay to obtain it. RIM and Apple also sell their products at high prices but they focus only on a narrow range of products. There strategy contradicts the former group as they focus on generating high revenues on the basis of the success of fewer product ranges. Nokia already enjoys a good position in relation to its competitors. Their brand is a self promoting tool. They like to market themselves as a brand that prioritizes its customers and adds value to their products. Nokia benefits by being an all-rounder in the manufacturing of mobile devices and the perception of being one of the best reliable brands in this industry. By supplying products of all ranges, low income to high income, professional to gaming, fancy to elegant, premium luxury to necessity the brand clearly displays its presence and dominance. MARKETING MIX The marketing mix consists of 4 elements (Product, Price, Place and Promotion), each of which will be discussed in detail below: Product No longer is the mobile phone a mere means to make phone calls but to perform more diverse functions like access the web, click photographs, share data, enjoy music, connect with friends through social networking sites, play games etc. Nokia manufactures a large number of differentiated handsets to cater to their wide and diverse target segments.Their products vary according to their features and serial numbers. They have successfully sold the Nokia C-series, N-series, E-series, Xpress Music models, Communicators and other mobiles with the power of their brand name. Recently they have launched the Ovi Stores which enable its users to download applications of their interest online. The most notable feature of the Ovi stores is their Ovi maps. In order to compete with their competitors, they are reducing their reliance on the Symbian operating system and developing models with the Maemo and Maego Operating Systems which are more open and allow users to develop their own games and share it with the rest of the world online. Product Life Cyle The N900 can be considered to be in its growth stage where the company has already reached its Break-Even-Point and is generating profits. Phones like the N97 and N91 have already matured and are generating constant returns and competing against its rivals. The Nokia Communicators are in the decline stages as the demand for older versions has fallen and competitors are offering better alternatives. In order to grow their market share, Nokia goes for product development i.e. launching new products in existing markets. Applying the BCG matrix (Boston Consulting Group), Nokia can be classified as the Cash Cows as they hold a greater share of the market but are not growing at the same pace as the growth of the market. As the market is growing, their share is reducing. This leads to implementing strategies to defend their position. Price Nokia adopts 2 pricing strategies. They price their products on the basis of: Market skimming technique i.e. setting high prices at the launch of the product and gradually reducing the prices when competitors enter the market. Competitors price they price their products more or less at the same price as their competitors. Place Nokia does not sell directly to its end users. It uses indirect channels through which it distributes its products to the mass population. They are engaged in Business-to-Business transactions. For example, Nokia sells their products to Sharaf DG, Axiom Mobiles, Jumbo, Jackys, etc in the UAE who then sell it to its end users. Promotion Nokia promotes itself mainly through advertising and sponsoring events. They use strong brand ambassadors like Priyanka Chopra and Shahrukh Khan in mass media advertising through Televisions. They develop effective and catchy advertisements where their brand name is the main selling point. Evaluation of Nokias Strategies Nokia has performed remarkably well in securing the position it enjoys today of being the market leader. But the real challenge they face is securing and maintaining this position. Being the dominant player, it should have been able to easily drive away the competition in the Smartphone market and grabbed the first mover advantage. Whereas it is playing catch up with RIMs BlackBerry and Apples I-Phone. Their efforts need to be more effective and their products more competitive as they have not been able to launch a product recently that can be classified as a paradigm shift. Conclusion: Nokia has performed well in the year 2009, however failure to overcome technologies of other smart phones can lead to a big damage to Nokia. Even though the brand name Nokia is sufficient to drive sales, the aggressive marketing and advertising strategies undertaken by its rivals can cause sufficient damage to their cash flows. Hence they need to focus more on not only advertising their brand but also their competitive advantages over its rivals. None the less, it is by far the most preferred brand of consumers according to a survey conducted in the UAE (Arabian business online) APPENDIX Table 1.1 Market Share of Top 5 Mobile Vendors from 2009-10 Table 1.2 Sales and Profit of Nokia for the past 5 years YEAR 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Sales 34191 41121 51058 50710 40984 Profit 3616 4306 7205 3988 891

Mary Tudor (Bloody Mary): The True Story Essay -- Mary Tudor, Bloody M

â€Å"She was a king’s daughter, she was a king’s sister, she was a king’s wife, she was a queen, and by the same title a king also† # Mary Tudor was an influential women of her time period. Many in modern society know her for her particularly bad reputation as Bloody Mary, however they do not realize the contributions she made, or her influence on history . The story behind Mary’s reputation gives insight as to her true accomplishments as England’s first queen. When Mary Tudor was born on February 18, 1516, she was the only child that King Henry VIII and his wife Catherine of Aragon had successfully conceived together. She was widely celebrated and raised well in the kingdom. She was well-educated and privileged. However, her father wanted a male heir to inherit his throne and Mary’s mother couldn’t produce an heir. King Henry tried to divorce Katherine, but the Catholic church was not granting his request due to their relation to the queen. He went to a Protestant church and received the divorce he wanted from Mary’s mother in 1533. This divorce caused Mary to hate the Protestant religion, she did not even accept the fact her parents were divorced. Mary’s father got remarried to a women named Anne Boleyn and was excommunicated from the Catholic Church. Anne also became pregnant and had a baby girl named Elizabeth that Mary had to take care of. In 1534, the Act of Supremacy was passed, and Mary was no longer considered an heir to the throne. However two years later Mary’s father had married a new wife named Jane Seymore. Jane wanted King Henry VIII to reunite with his children. Mary did reconcile with her father and was chosen to be the godmother of Jane’s newborn son Edward. This reconciliation with her father put her next in ... ...ary was a Queen that ruled with an intellect many did not believe women were capable of. She worked hard and kept the throne and reached her goal of starting to restore the Catholic faith. Though Mary had a tragic life she was a great Queen who kept her country in mind and worked closely with the government to keep it safe. Without Mary’s reign the English monarchy may be completely different than what it is today. Works Cited Eakins, Lara E. "Mary I." TudorHistory.org. 7 Sept. 2007. Web. 17 Mar. 2011. http://www.tudorhistory.org/mary/. N.A. "Mary Tudor - Bloody Mary." ELIZABETHAN ERA. Web. 17 Mar. 2011. http://www.elizabethan-era.org.uk/mary-tudor-bloody-mary.htm. Whitelock, Anna. Mary Tudor: Princess, Bastard, Queen. New York: Random House, 2009. Print. "Wyatt's Rebellion." Encyclopedia of World History. New York: Facts On File, 2000. 263. Print.

Martin Luther King Short Bio

Michael Luther King Jar. Became Martin Luther King Jar. Martin Jar. Was so eager to learn that he tried to go to school when he was five years old. He was too young to go to school that year. Martin Jar. Went to first grade when he was six years old. Martin Jar. Played with his sister, Christine, and his brother, Alfred Daniel. Monopoly, Chinese checkers and marbles were Martin Jar. ‘s favorite indoor games. He also played the piano, violin and he sang. Outside, Martin Jar. Rode his bike, football, baseball, flew kites, and built a tree house with his brother Alfred. Martin also liked to play tricks on people.One day, he loosened the leg on a Plano bench. When his Plano teacher sat down, he crashed to the floor. Martin Jar. Had a bad experience when he was six. He and his friends often played games in his big backyard. One day, Martin Jar. Asked two white friends to play with him , but their mother told Martin Jar. That her boys could never play with him again. Martin Jar. Was so upset. His parents explained about the laws separating African Americans and white people. African American children couldn't go to the same schools as white people. They couldn't share drinking fountains or restrooms with white people.If an African American got on a bus had to give up his or her seat for a white person. Although the laws were wrong, Martin's Jar. Mother told her son to always remember that he was somebody. Thirteen! When he was in the eleventh grade, Martin Jar. Wrote a special speech and won a prize. He was so excited that his â€Å"big words† had pleased people. On the bus ride home, however, Martin Jar. Was told to give up his seat to a white man. Martin said, â€Å"It was the angriest I have ever been in my life. † Martin Jar. Skipped the twelfth grade and went to Morehouse College in Atlanta. He tried to decide how he could best wallpapering Americans.He questioned whether he should be a doctor, a lawyer or a Minister? Martin Jar. Decided to b ecome a Minister like his father. Martin Jars. First sermon was in a small room at Benzene Baptist Church. He spoke so powerfully that many people crowded into the room to hear him. More and more people came tap hear him and before long he was preaching in a larger room so that more people could her his inspiring sermons. Martin Jar. Returned to College again and earned a doctorate in theology. He was now Dry. Martin Luther King Jar. He met a girl called Correct Scott at the College where he earned his doctorate and in 1953 Martin Jar. D Correct Scott got married. Martin Jar. And his wife moved to Montgomery, Alabama. There he worked hard at being a good Minister and community leader. On December 1, 1955, an African American woman, named Rosa Park, refused to give up her seat on a bus too white man. She was arrested and taken to Jail for breaking the law that required African Americans to give up their bus seats to white Americans. Her arrest angered many African Americans in Montgo mery, Alabama. They refused to ride on the buses until the law was changed. Dry. Martin Luther King Jar. Agreed to lead the bus boycott.He and his family were heartened and their home was bombed but he knew that what they were doing was right. Eventually the U. S. Supreme Court was asked to decide on whether the bus segregation law was good. The Court decided that the boycott was wrong. Dry. King and his fellow boycotter had won. Dry. King led more battles to end unfair laws in the United States. He worked to ensure that all children could go to schools together. He tried to change laws so that African Americans could vote in elections and be paid the same wage as white people. At times Dry. King was Jailed because he stood up for what he knew was right.On the 28th of August 1963 Dry. King gave a famous speech entitled â€Å"l Have A Dream†. Millions of people heard him say â€Å"l have a dream that my four children will one day of their character†. In 1964 Dry. King r eceived the Nobel Peace Prize for his non-violent efforts to change the unfair laws in the United States of America. On April 4th 1968 Dry. King was tragically shot and killed in Memphis, Tennessee, ending his dream of equal rights for all Americans. People around the world were saddened by the death of this peaceful leader who gave his life to make the world a better place for all.

Discuss the differences in the portrayal of Death in Appointment in Samarra and Godfather Death

Death and its inevitability is the main theme of both the short stories, Appointment in Samarra and Godfather Death. However the portrayal of Death in the stories differs to some extent. The reality and inescapability of death is evident in both the stories as they both end with the hapless man involved being taken by Death in the end, even though both the servant and the godson try to cheat Death, either by running away or trying to beg for mercy.In fact there are many similarities in the authors representations of the character of Death. The most notable one is to endow Death with emotion or feeling, though the degree to which this is done varies in the stories. Another similarity is in their portrayal of Death as not entirely all-knowing; the Death in Appointment in Samarra is surprised to find the servant in Baghdad that implies a less than omniscient being.Godfather Death himself is not in complete control of the fates of his victims, being unable to control the candle flames or to override his godson’s breaches of trust. They are both represented in some measure as simply custodians of a greater will. However even within these apparent similarities differences arise on comparison of the two stories. Firstly, the most evident difference is in the physical portrayal of the two Deaths. In Appointment, Death is described as a woman.It is also clear that the figure of Death is not frightening in appearance as a stereotypically ugly and withered creature; the servant says only that a woman jostled him and when he turned she made a threatening gesture at him. It is the gesture and not the appearance that inspires fear in him. The Grimm brothers portray Death in a more stereotypical way, describing him first, clearly as a man and in addition describe him with adjectives such as â€Å"bony†, conjuring up a picture of a skeletal forming a tattered robe.His figure itself is suggestively fearful. Another difference arises when we compare the personaliti es of the two Deaths. Maugham’s Death is more impersonal than Godfather Death. She does not appear to be capable of great emotion or feeling but is certainly endowed with some measure of it; she says, â€Å"That was not a threatening gesture, it was a start of surprise†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This clearly implies the ability to feel; after all, surprise is an emotion.However it is not accompanied by rage at his attempt to escape or any other deep emotion. Rather, there is a quiet confidence in her own inevitability, which is clear by the very nature of the tale. In contrast Godfather Death is volatile and exhibits far more human reactions; there is pride in his statements that he makes â€Å"all men equal† and â€Å"whoever has me for friend shall lack nothing†. He is also vengeful as is clear by his final revenge on his godson and brooks no attack on his authority and power.Though both are inevitable Godfather Death seems to be less secure in his power than the quieter but equally merciless Death in Appointment. A third difference lies within their similarities and is a little more complex; not quite so evident. As previously noted, the Deaths in the two stories are simply instruments of fate. They both lack absolute power and complete knowledge but they differ in this respect too. In Appointment in Samarra, the Death seems to have more power over the fate of men than Godfather Death.It is clear from the story that Death was in the marketplace to claim another victim (perhaps the merchant as he was able to see her and Death would presumably not be visible to everyone or the servant would not have been so panicked at the sight of her. ) She was surprised to see her next victim there when she knew before hand that he was to die in Samarra, implying a foreknowledge of her duty but not omniscience in general or she would have known that he would be in the marketplace and be scared into running.Therefore she was confident in her power over men’s lives. Godfather Death does not seem to be endowed with the same sort of surety. If he was that powerful he could simply have overridden the doctor’s predictions and taken the king and his daughter. However he allowed himself to be thwarted twice. Even when his godson begs him not to let the candle go out and to light him a new one he says that he is unable to do that, that it must go out before a new one can be lit.And though it is clear too that in the end he cannot be cheated of his victims, he is not portrayed with as much inexorability as in Appointment. On the whole, though the Deaths are different in gender and temperament, they both are portrayed as an inescapable reality. The difference of Godfather Death and Death in their performance of their duties is evident as Death does not brook any escape and is merciless in an impersonal way while Godfather Death is merciless in heat and anger. However in both stories it is clear that Death is what awaits us all.

Where Have They Gone essays

Where Have They Gone essays For many reasons the human race could be called a blessing. Great advanced in technology, medicine and even the fact we are the most sophisticated species on the planet. Are we a gift to planet Earth, or far from it? With cast amounts of pollution and destruction of the planet, not to mention unthinkable acts of violence and hate that has been going on since the beginning of time. Are we really as sophisticated and important as we have led ourselves to believe? Are we any better than any other creature because we are more technologically advanced? Is the human race a blessing? Humans have destroyed and endangered more species on our planet than any other species or group, with our continuous pollution and lack of respect for out own environment. One area of the world affected by our careless habits is our coastlines and the marine habitats that vast amounts of species rely on. These particular areas of the world are being destroyed because humans dont seem to care as long as they make a couple of dollars in the process. Oil spills like the one in the Prince William Sound on the coast of Alaska and Hawaiian sea turtles and their many troubles with humans are just some examples of human carelessness and the consequences that the environment, particularly marine wildlife incur, which often are fatal. I chose this particular subject because I find the ocean and its unique and rare inhabitants to be interesting. Every coastline has its one unique species and no two areas are the same. I wanted to learn more about how humans are destroying the habitats of these unique creatures. I found that all species are in someway being threatened by human dominance and carelessness. From the common flounder or sea star you can find when you walk across the beach to a rare fish like the coelacanth (prehistoric fish that was believed to be extinct until one was caught off the coat of Madagascar by a local commercial fisherman until in ...

Factors Affecting the Amount of Carbon Dioxide given off when a Carbonate reacts with an acid Essays

Factors Affecting the Amount of Carbon Dioxide given off when a Carbonate reacts with an acid Essays Factors Affecting the Amount of Carbon Dioxide given off when a Carbonate reacts with an acid Essay Factors Affecting the Amount of Carbon Dioxide given off when a Carbonate reacts with an acid Essay When an acid reacts with a metal carbonate, a metal salt, water and carbon dioxide are produced. The amount of carbon dioxide produced depends on various factors. The aim of this experiment is to find out how much Carbon Dioxide (CO2) is given off when different masses of Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) are reacted with Hydrochloric acid (HCl). The factors affecting the amount of CO2 produced are listed below. Variables Continuos Variables Variable Temperature Very hard to keep constant. Amount of acid As long as there is excess for all carbonate to react, it is therefore not relevant. Concentration of acid Any acid as long as there are enough H+ ions in the acid to react with carbonate. Pressure Hard to keep constant. Surface area Hard to measure surface area of powdered Calcium Carbonate. Rate of stirring Hard to keep constant and very inaccurate. Time Not relevant as rate of reaction has no effect on amount of Carbon Dioxide produced. Amount of carbonate This is the factor under investigation Discontinuous Variables Factor Type of acid All acids contain H+ ions required for reaction. Type of carbonate Some carbonates such as Sodium are soluble, therefore I will not be able to investigate. In my investigation I have chosen to investigate the amount of carbonate rather than the type of carbonate as amount is a continuos variable and will produce a pattern rather than a random collection of carbonates. Constants The following variables will be kept constant: Variable Control of variable Temperature Room Temperature Type Concentration of acid 2M Hydrochloric Acid Amount of Acid 50ml Pressure Atmospheric Type of carbonate Calcium Carbonate Rate of stirring None Fair Test In order to make this investigation as fair as possible, all the constant variables must remain constant throughout the experiment, as mass of carbonate is the only variable changing. The experiment must be repeated at least twice so as not to get any anomalous results. The constants must be checked every time a result is taken. Prediction The volume of Carbon Dioxide produced will increase directly proportionally with the mass of Calcium Carbonate used. Calcium Carbonate Hydrochloric Acid Calcium Chloride Water Carbon Dioxide CaCO3 HCl CaCl2 H2O CO2 1 2 1 1 1 100g 73g 111g 18g 24dm3 g of CaCO3 produces 24000cm3 of CO2 g of CaCO3 produces 48000cm3 of CO2 g of CaCO3 produces 72000cm3 of CO2 g of CaCO3 produces 96000cm3 of CO2 From these calculations it is visible to say that doubling the mass of carbonate doubles the volume of Carbon Dioxide produced. Tripling the mass of carbonate triples the volume of Carbon Dioxide produced. The relationship is directly proportional and the graph of mass against volume shows a straight line through the origin. Safety Acids are corrosive and an irritant. Safety glasses and labcoats must be worn at all times. Wash hands after experiment. Reacting Moles Masses Calcium Carbonate Hydrochloric Acid Calcium Chloride Water Carbon Dioxide CaCO3 HCl CaCl2 H2O CO2 1 2 1 1 1 100g 73g 111g 18g 24dm3 g of CaCO3 produces 24dm3 of CO2 as 1 mole of any gas at room temperature and pressure occupies 24dm3. g of CaCO3 produces 240cm3 of CO2 g of CaCO3 produces 192cm3 of CO2 g of CaCO3 produces 144cm3 of CO2 g of CaCO3 produces 96cm3 of CO2 g of CaCO3 produces 48cm3 of CO2 The relationship is directly proportional and the graph of mass against volume shows a straight line through the origin. I have chosen to investigate the masses shown above ranging from 0.2g to 1.0g. This should give me a wide and consistent spread of results. I have decided to collect the CO2 produced in measuring cylinders, which the maximum size is 250ml. I will have to use masses to fit the size of the measuring cylinder. My calculations above confirm that none of the masses will produce more than the amount of the measuring cylinder. Sample Results table Mass of Calcium Carbonate (g) Volume of expected Carbon Dioxide (cm) Actual volume of Carbon Dioxide produced (cm) 0.2 48 0.4 96 0.6 144 0.8 192 1.0 240 Preliminary Work In my preliminary work I investigated the two extremes, 0.2g 1.0g of Calcium Carbonate. Mass of Calcium Carbonate (g) Volume of expected Carbon Dioxide (cm) Actual volume of Carbon Dioxide produced (cm) 0.2 48 34 1.0 240 176 In my preliminary work I realised that the actual volume of Carbon Dioxide was not the same as the expected volume of Carbon Dioxide. The percentage error was about 70%. This is because Carbon Dioxide is slightly soluble in water and some of the gas has dissolved forming Carbonic Acid. I also found several improvements that I could make to my final plan, being: 1. A fair amount of Calcium Carbonate was left un-reacted in the tube: The flask is shaken gently until all the Calcium Carbonate has fully reacted. 2. The delivery tube repeatedly dislodged itself from underneath the measuring cylinder. The delivery tube is held by hand to stop it dislodging. Method Apparatus required: * 50ml measuring cylinder (accurate to 1ml) * 100ml measuring cylinder (accurate to 1ml) * 250ml measuring cylinder (accurate to 2ml) * Trough * Delivery Tube * Round bottomed flask * Calcium Carbonate * 2M Hydrochloric acid * Balance * 5cm Tubes Diagram Method * Set apparatus as in diagram * Place a piece of paper on the balance and tear it * Measure out the required mass of Calcium Carbonate * Pour massed amount of Calcium Carbonate into tube * Place tube in the lip of the round bottomed flask * Connect the delivery tube to the flask * Tap gently so that the tube falls into the acid * Shake fairly vigorously, making sure you are holding the delivery tube so that it doesnt dislodge from under the measuring cylinder. * When all the Calcium Carbonate has reacted record the final volume of gas obtained. Obtaining Evidence Accuracy of apparatus For this experiment the measurements were recorded as accurately as the apparatus allowed: * 50ml measuring cylinder (accurate to 1ml) * 100ml measuring cylinder (accurate to 1ml) * 250ml measuring cylinder (accurate to 2ml) In order to obtain reliable results I repeated the experiment twice. This was done to ensure the all three of the results follow the same trend. To keep this experiment a fair test all three times the following were kept constant: Variable Control of variable Temperature Room Temperature Type ; Concentration of acid 2M Hydrochloric Acid Amount of Acid 50ml Pressure Atmospheric Type of carbonate Calcium Carbonate Rate of stirring None The following results were obtained: Experiment 1 Mass of Calcium Carbonate (g) Volume of expected Carbon Dioxide (cm3) Actual volume of Carbon Dioxide produced (cm3) 0.2 48 36 0.4 96 80 0.6 144 94 0.8 192 158 1.0 240 190 Experiment 2 Mass of Calcium Carbonate (g) Volume of expected Carbon Dioxide (cm3) Actual volume of Carbon Dioxide produced (cm3) 0.2 48 30 0.4 96 68 0.6 144 100 0.8 192 142 1.0 240 192 The results obtained above which are in bold I found to be anomalous results. In Experiment 1 -0.6g In Experiment 2 -1.0g I therefore repeated them: Repeats Mass of Calcium Carbonate (g) Volume of expected Carbon Dioxide (cm3) Actual volume of Carbon Dioxide produced (cm3) 0.6 144 98 1.0 240 188 Analysing From the results obtained I could plot the following graphs: 1) Experiment 1 A graph to show mass of CaCO3 against amount of CO2 produced 2) Experiment 2 A graph to show mass of CaCO3 against amount of CO2 produced 3) A graph to show mass of CaCO3 against average amount of CO2 produced with expected result All three of the graphs show that as mass of Calcium Carbonate is increased the amount of Carbon Dioxide produce increases. The straight line goes through the origin and therefore this relation is directly proportional. For example in experiment 1: 0.2g of CaCO3 produces 36cm3 of CO2 0.4g of CaCO3 produces 80cm3 of CO2 0.4g of CaCO3 produces 80cm3 of CO2 0.8g of CaCO3 produces 158cm3 of CO2 For example in experiment 2: 0.2g of CaCO3 produces 30cm3 of CO2 0.4g of CaCO3 produces 68cm3 of CO2 0.4g of CaCO3 produces 68cm3 of CO2 0.8g of CaCO3 produces 142cm3 of CO2 The examples above are not exactly directly proportional, but are very close. This is because of experimental error. Molar Calculation Calcium Carbonate Hydrochloric Acid Calcium Chloride Water Carbon Dioxide CaCO3 HCl CaCl2 H2O CO2 1 2 1 1 1 100g 73g 111g 18g 24dm3 g of CaCO3 produces 24dm3 of CO2 as 1 mole of any gas at room temperature and pressure occupies 24dm3. g of CaCO3 produces 240cm3 of CO2 g of CaCO3 produces 192cm3 of CO2 g of CaCO3 produces 144cm3 of CO2 g of CaCO3 produces 96cm3 of CO2 g of CaCO3 produces 48cm3 of CO2 From the molar calculations and from graph 3 it is visible that the relationship is directly proportional and the graph of mass against volume shows a straight line through the origin. For example: 0.2g of CaCO3 produces 48cm3 of CO2 0.4g of CaCO3 produces 96cm3 of CO2 0.4g of CaCO3 produces 96cm3 of CO2 0.8g of CaCO3 produces 192cm3 of CO2 After processing my results it can now concluded that as the mass of Calcium Carbonate is increased the amount of Carbon Dioxide produced increases. This relation is directly proportional. This can be supported with both my obtained results and the calculated results. These results do confirm the original prediction made earlier. The results support the original prediction as it was predicted that the volume of Carbon Dioxide produced will increase directly proportionally with the mass of Calcium Carbonate used. The results support the original prediction fairly well but not fully as there is one discrepancy. The results obtained are not exactly directly proportional but are close enough to being so. These slight differences are due to experimental error, which will be explained in detail in the Evaluating section in more detail. Evaluating Considering the equipment provided I think that the results obtained were fairly consistent and reliable. The results gave a distinct pattern similar to that of the expected results. I would consider the evidence to be reliable as they both follow the same trend on the graph. The experiment was repeated twice although in both experiments I obtained anomalous results. Both values are distinctly distanced from the line on the graph. On obtaining the anomalous results I repeated both the values and I found that both results were fairly similar to those previously obtained and therefore they seemed to be anomalous but they proved not to be as all three results fell all close to each other. I would consider the experiment not to be as reliable, as there were several factors, which need criticism: * The purity of the CaCO3 For this experiment the purity of the calcium carbonate was 98% and if it had been 100% pure than I think it would have made a difference. * Temperature of the room fluctuated. The temperature did remain constant throughout the whole experiment and so it might have had an effect on the experiment. * Not all the CO2 produced was collected. This is because Carbon Dioxide is slightly soluble in water and some of the gas has dissolved forming Carbonic Acid. Gas was still being left in the delivery tube. * Bubbles of gas were stuck to the measuring cylinder when reading was taken. When the final amount of gas produced was recorded, a fair amount of gas bubbles were on the sides of the measuring cylinder and therefore the volume will not be correct. * The flask is shaken fairly vigorously. In my method I had said that to dissolve all the CaCO3 I would need to shake the flask fairly vigorously. This however was not the case. The more vigorously the flask is shaken the more CO2 will dissolve and therefore only gentle shaking was needed. The conclusion obtained is supported fully by the results obtained. I consider my range of results to be an appropriate range in which I have made the conclusion. My values spread from 0.0g 1.0g, giving a wide spread. However this conclusion is only for the results obtained, this may not be the case if the experiment is done for values outside the range I investigated. If I were to do this experiment again I would: 1) Try the experiment with other Carbonates. I would predict that even for other carbonates, as the mass of Carbonate is increased the amount of Carbon Dioxide produced increases. This relation will be directly proportional. To prove this I will do the calculations for Magnesium Carbonate. Magnesium Carbonate Hydrochloric Acid Magnesium Chloride Water Carbon Dioxide MgCO3 2HCl MgCl2 H2O CO2 1 2 1 1 1 84g 73g 95g 18g 24dm3 g of MgCO3 produces 24dm3 of CO2 as 1 mole of any gas at room temperature and pressure occupies 24dm3. g of MgCO3 produces 286cm3 of CO2 g of MgCO3 produces 228cm3 of CO2 g of MgCO3 produces 171cm3 of CO2 g of MgCO3 produces 114cm3 of CO2 g of MgCO3 produces 57cm3 of CO2 Therefore it can be said that for any carbonate the relationship will be exactly the same, i.e. as the mass of Carbonate is increased the amount of Carbon Dioxide produced increases directly proportionally. 2) Do the whole experiment again but using various different pieces of apparatus. I would do an experiment, which doesnt include water, therefore no gas can be lost. Apparatus required: * Syringe * Trough * Delivery Tube * Round bottomed flask * Calcium Carbonate * 2M Hydrochloric acid * Balance * 5cm Tubes Method * Set apparatus as in diagram below * Place a piece of paper on the balance and zero it * Measure out the required mass of Calcium Carbonate * Pour massed amount of Calcium Carbonate into tube * Place tube in the lip of the round bottomed flask * Connect the delivery tube to the flask * Tap gently so that the tube falls into the acid * Shake fairly gently, making sure you are holding the delivery tube so that it doesnt dislodge from under the measuring cylinder. * When all the Calcium Carbonate has reacted record the final volume of gas obtained.

The Critical Reader - Erica Meltzer Full Review

The Critical Reader - Erica Meltzer Full Review SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Erica Meltzer's books have come onto the scene in the past few years with great reviews. Her books are fantastic for the subjects they cover - Reading and Writing. She's published two books for the SAT - The Complete Guide to SAT Critical Reading, and The Ultimate Guide to SAT Grammar. While these are high quality books, they're not perfect, for reasons we'll explain in this article. Keep reading to figure out whether these books are appropriate for you, and whether you should integrate these as part of your personal prep program. Why trust this review? When you get advice on the internet, it's important to understand why you should believe the advice you're receiving. Because your SAT score is important, follow the wrong advice, and it might be too late to improve your score. To be transparent, here’s why you might be able to trust this review more than others: I like to think that I know what I’m talking about.I scoredtwo perfect scores on the SATand have worked personally with thousands of students prepping for the SAT. I’ve worked with students at all levels, from people at a 1200 level to people aiming for a 2300+. Other writers often don't have the expertise to differentiate between books, and they recommend books as an afterthought (and you can probably tell). I don’t get paid for these recommendations, and I don’t get paid if you buy these books.I’ve studied dozens of books for SAT prep, and I review the books that I come across. Other sites, especially about.com and reviews.com, get paid for featuring books and get a kickback when you buy a book they recommend. One disclaimer: I’m co-founder ofPrepScholar, an online SAT/ACT prep program. I believe we’ve built the best prep program available right now. Itdiagnoses your strengths and weaknessesand gives you a structured all-in-one program, combining the best aspects of the books below, so you know exactly what you need to study at every point. But I want to stress that you don’t need a program to excel at the SAT. In fact, writing this guide may lose us some customers, since you might decide that you don’t need a program at all. But if you decide that you don’t want to manage 10 books and want an integrated complete program that customizes to your learning,check PrepScholar SAT out. The Critical Reader Book Review When I consider the quality of a book, I think about a few important questions: Who's the author, and what is his or her experience with the subject matter? How effective is the book, and why? What are the book's main pros and cons? Erica's books are clearly high quality - they made my list of Best SAT Prep Books 2015. But they do have their shortcomings, which we'll discuss below. About the Author: Erica Meltzer Erica Meltzerstarted as a tutor and eventually published her SAT and ACT prep books in the past few years.Erica also graduated from Wellesley College,which is a prestigious college ranked #4 of all liberal arts colleges in the country. While she seems not to tutor much currently, her books show that she has a great deal of expertise on the SAT and ACT. How Effective is the Book? In my experience with thousands of students, SAT Reading is the most difficult section to improve. It uses logical reasoning skills that aren’t as easily mastered as math concepts or grammar rules. It’s very important to drill down on what types of questions are asked, and how to approach these questions in a systematic way. Erica's book dissects the SAT Reading section by question type and skill. She does a great job of teaching the core of what the question is asking, and how to work with the passage to arrive at the correct answer. Of all writers, Erica Meltzer aligns most closely with my personal philosophy of drilling questions skill-by-skill to recognize patterns to questions. The book is very thorough - in fact, it's too thorough for the average student. It goes into every nook and cranny, and if you're scoring below a 650, this is NOT the best book to use.If you're a student gunning for a perfect SAT score, though, this is a good book to drill comprehensively and to perfection. Furthermore, this book requires a lot of work to get through. At 350 large pages, it'll take most students 15 hours or more to get through this book. If you don't have a lot of time to prep, you won't be able to get the most out of this book. Pros and Cons of the Critical Reader Pros: Great breakdown of the Reading section on a skill-by-skill level. Helpful strategies for every type of question, from main point questions to inference questions. Lots of high-quality, realistic passages and questions. She uses passages similar to those you’ll see on the SAT and has spent a lot of time licensing high-quality passages. Has a helpful guide listing the questions on the SAT by skill, so you can get even more focused practice using the Official SAT Study Guide. Cons: Expensive for a book that covers just one section ($30-40) The writing style is dry and clinical, like an academic textbook. I personally prefer this – cut out the fluff – but it can be quite dense for the average student. The thoroughness doesn't point you in the right direction depending on your strengths and weaknesses. If you're scoring at a lower level, you need to concentrate on some skills more than others, and this book can lead you astray. Lack of creative page layouts and a lot of text on large pages can get tiresome. Overall Rating This is currently my favorite book for the SAT Reading section. If you're planning on scoring a 700 or above on the Reading section and prefer to study by books, this is a great option. It's more expensive than average and it's too thorough for many students, but it's a great choice that will teach you a lot. Overall Rating: 88/100 What's next? Read our detailed guide to theBest SAT Prep Booksto put together your own study program based on the best SAT books available now. What's a good SAT score for you?Figure it out with our step by step guide based on the colleges you're applying to. Aiming for a high score? Read ourguide to scoring a perfect SAT score, written by me, a perfect SAT scorer. Check out our industry-leading online SAT program. We've designed it to cover all the advantages of books and tutors at an affordable price. Featuring in-depth strategy lessons and thousands of practice questions, we have the content from the leading books. Beyond that, the programacts like your personal tutor. It guides you step-by-step through what you should be working on at every moment to best improve your score. Itcustomizes to your strengths and weaknesses, then gives you focused practice so you learn the patterns on the SAT. Furthermore, it motivates you to study so that you put in enough time. There's a 240 point guarantee - if you don'timprove your score by 240 points, you get all your money back.

Inaugural Address of Barack Obama Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Inaugural Address of Barack Obama - Essay Example The most successful use of addressing the emotional needs of the American audience was the clever interplay of words. The way he also appealed to the audience’s emotion and logic was a combination of arguments, evidence, and language. The use of such emotion-generating phrases like â€Å"gathering clouds and raging storms†, â€Å"noble ideas†, â€Å"the greatness of our nation†, and â€Å"bitter swill of civil war and segregation† (Obama, We Seek A New Way Forward) in his speech are consistent, effectively, and cleverly infused throughout the various subjects that he was discussing that his attempt to persuade his audience by tapping into their emotions was prevalent throughout the speech that it blended so well it sounded natural. Moreover, the prudent usages of such phrases are not abused in the sense that Obama relies solely on them. Rather he used it as a way to simplify the concepts he was trying to address in a manner that the average American could understand. Obama’s emotional appeal was an appeal for solidarity, acceptance, loyalty, and most of all patriotism in spite of the diversity of the American people by reiterating the commonalities and shared experiences. Shared social struggles throughout history of Americans as a people of migrants and how these struggles are continuing today for current migrants who â€Å"toiled in sweatshops and settled the West; endured the lash of the whip and plowed the hard earth† (Obama, We Seek A New Way Forward)   and shared economic burden that Americans are experiencing across all walks of life in almost all business sectors. These commonalities are highlighted in an attempt to forge cooperation through shared experiences, shared history, shared sentiments, shared values, and a common vision.  Ã‚  

Word Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Word - Essay Example The first imperative ethical issue facing him is the fact that he has setup a system that allows him to trace information such as emails sent among his fellow employees. This is a violation of communication privacy that is usually avoided in majority of work places. Additionally, Mr. Child’s has setup the system through passwords that gives him the absolute access to all the information. These passwords do not allow other employees to access imperative work information. Moreover, Mr. Child’s has been working overtime without the instructions of his employers. This is another instance where he violated work ethics that guides the general time period, which employee should perform their duties. Consequently, he was found guilty of creating a vulnerable system through Digital Subscriber Line that allows unauthorized persons to access the Company’s information from online sources. This is a violation of the ethics that guide the privacy of a company’s information. The ethical issue in the case study provided, involves poor management of information among the employees specifically caused by Child’s actions. It affects the company’s efficacy of modus operandi in regard to their access to information. Indeed this scenario involves decision making in order to eliminate undesirable modes of information management within the company. Consequently, the case is more than legal as it entails making decisions ascribed to work ethics within a department. The case study presents a scenario where there is poor inter-personal relationship between Mr. Child and other employees. There is also poor information management majorly due to violation of communication ethics. Mr. Child and his employer seem to be the cause of the problem thus they are important in determination of the final outcome. Another crucial way, which can facilitate decision making in this case is facilitating dialogue between Mr. Child and his Employers outside the court. This can be done by a

Software Engineering Exam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Software Engineering Exam - Essay Example This is because the sub-system found here involves exchanging of data. The data exchange is done where the shared data is stored in a central or repository which can be accessed by every sub-system. Additionally, each and every subsystem tends to maintain the database and passes the data to various sub-systems. a) the best control model for word processing system is repository model this is because the model offers an efficient way of sharing large amount of information and data. Additionally, the sub system need not to be associated with the production of data since there is security and back up. Consequently, the sharing model undergoes publication as a schema for repository. b) the appropriate control model for the real time system that control the safety system in a factory is abstract machine model. This is because the model will organize the system into a collection of layers with each providing a collection of services. It also supports the rising development of the subsystems in various layers. When the layer interfaces change, the adjacent layers will be the one to be affected. 3. Coupling how much a module in terms of package, class, or method relies on the other modules. It is better to reduce coupling or minimize the amount that a specified module will rely on others system modules. Cohesion is how closely the related parameters like the classes, methods, and functionality within the method of the module are to other members within the same module. It is better to raise the cohesion as that shows that the module has specific activity and does only that activity (Dorfman & Thayer, 97). Coupling between the modules arises for various reasons, some of which can be desired and others not. A ranked list comprising of the least to the most desirable include the internal data coupling, global data coupling, parameter coupling, and subclass coupling. Cohesion can also be ranked from those that are least desirable to those that are most desirable

Should the U.S. Stop Buying Some Imported Foods Essay

Should the U.S. Stop Buying Some Imported Foods - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that in recent years there has been increasing consumer demand for imported food within the U.S., with a desire for numerous varieties of exotic food and out-of-season foods, fueling the controversy over whether allowing so much imported food into the U.S. is in our collective best interest. Legislation has been passed to improve inspection of imported food, but it would be too expensive to inspect all of it. My position is that the U.S. should stop buying food imported from some countries because it puts our public health at risk, undermines the U.S. economy, and puts the U.S. at increased risk for bioterrorism. Imported food increasingly puts our public health at a greater risk   One reason for this is that the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) safety testing has been cut in half since 2003 and the number of FDA employees involved in food testing has dropped 12 percent.   Only 1.3 percent of imported food was inspected in 2006. This has been enough to erase the gains made in inspections following 9-11 when concern about the safety of imported food was the highest. Imported food faces the same health risks as food grown locally, which in recent times has caused E. coli and Salmonella food poisoning illnesses. But it would be much more expensive for FDA inspectors to inspect the farms and other sources of tainted food when it is overseas if they were even given the authority. These problems make limiting imported food appears to be a wise choice, in order to avoid outbreaks of disease.

Ronald Reagans Policy Towards The Soviet Union Research Paper

Ronald Reagans Policy Towards The Soviet Union - Research Paper Example Regarding the United States’ confrontation against the communist expansion, the Reagan Government’s role was of more of strategic than of ‘muscular’, an adjective that easily could characterize a major part of the US policy towards the USSR during the earlier US presidencies. Indeed military enforcement served as a part of Reagan’s Doctrine, but not the whole of it. Either being compelled by the contemporary socio-economic condition of the country or learning the best part of the lesson from the history of the United States’ military involvement in the Vietnam War and Korean War Reagan chose an effective strategic course of being diplomatic and tactical, meanwhile keeping the United States’ superior military image intact. Controversy about Reagan’s Leftist Trend Indeed the ‘simplistic’, ‘sectarian’, ‘dangerous’, and even ‘primitive’, as Anthony Lewis a columnist of The New York Times once called, Reagan also earned the title â€Å"the communist in disguise† because of his strategic approach to Communism (Schweizer, 1994, p. 47). D’Souza (2003) notes, â€Å"Reagan had a much more sophisticated understanding of communism than either the hawks or the doves†. ... Reagan was the President of the Screen Actors’ Guild and was commonly known as â€Å"Red Ronnie.† (p. 3). Necessarily his comprehensible knowledge of the nature of communism and the lessons learned from the United States’ involvement in the Cold War during his predecessors shaped the main line of policy towards the communist Soviet Union. That is, the main line of his policy towards the USSR was to confront, to contain, to roll back Soviet blocks and finally to let the â€Å"evil empire† under its own weight while saving and restoring the country’s military superiority intact. Necessarily such stance was reflected in Reagan’s policy towards the Soviet Union. Being resolute to reinstate the United States’ pride and superiority in the world, he decided that America should be more active and assertive in confronting Communism and in providing active support to the friendly governments. Reagan’s rhetoric and his government’s military expenditure policies were directed to support this goal. Yet ultimately his foreign policy towards the USSR –though seemed to be more belligerent than that of the two earlier presidents- was â€Å"considerably more cautious than his sometimes bellicose statements suggested† (Profiles of US Presidents, n.d.). Reagan’s Dual Approaches to Communism and Reagan Doctrine Reagan’s policy towards the Soviet Union can significantly be marked as a dual approach in the sense that on one hand Reagan’s administration chose to provide both overt and covert support to anti-communist communities and guerrilla movements in order to â€Å"roll back† â€Å"Soviet-backed communist governments in Africa, Asia, and Latin America†.

Postmodern Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Postmodern Culture - Essay Example The recent commercialisation of culture is observed to be aligning the culture with the practical life. The postmodern era is a complex culture that inflicts social change and leads to political transformation. Postmodernism is identified as the mythical heads of the hydra, which has successfully changed the culture of a society (Horn, 2000). With this regard, the essay elaborates on postmodernism and its analysis, detailing the different effects the postmodern culture on the life of the people and society. Postmodern culture can be identified to be conjoint in nature owing to the lack of unity among the postmodern society. With the openness of the postmodern society, there has been a lot of subjectivity that has been inflicted among the people. Furthermore, postmodern society is majorly observed to be controlled by the mass media and powerful institutions. The reality of the world in this postmodern era is highly controlled by the different images and pictures of the mass media. In this respect, commercialisation is observed to be having a huge effect in the virtualisation of a society at large (Strinity, 2004). In the postmodern society, people are often viewed to be having a virtualised belief of the culture. The effect of commercialisation in the modern world positively triggered that people draw the inferences of their real life from the commercialisation and modern life. The postmodern era even evidence the use of comic stories as well as the different virtual imagery, which is r eplacing novels and books. The different novels and epics are being replicated through virtual images that are observed to be providing a virtual lifestyle to the real world. This post-modern era of culture is observed to be developing boundaries between imagery and real life. The postmodern culture has been internationally ambiguous and severely complex for people to understand the actual effect of culture (Grossberg, 2014; Foster,

Ronald Reagans Policy Towards The Soviet Union Research Paper

Ronald Reagans Policy Towards The Soviet Union - Research Paper Example Regarding the United States’ confrontation against the communist expansion, the Reagan Government’s role was of more of strategic than of ‘muscular’, an adjective that easily could characterize a major part of the US policy towards the USSR during the earlier US presidencies. Indeed military enforcement served as a part of Reagan’s Doctrine, but not the whole of it. Either being compelled by the contemporary socio-economic condition of the country or learning the best part of the lesson from the history of the United States’ military involvement in the Vietnam War and Korean War Reagan chose an effective strategic course of being diplomatic and tactical, meanwhile keeping the United States’ superior military image intact. Controversy about Reagan’s Leftist Trend Indeed the ‘simplistic’, ‘sectarian’, ‘dangerous’, and even ‘primitive’, as Anthony Lewis a columnist of The New York Times once called, Reagan also earned the title â€Å"the communist in disguise† because of his strategic approach to Communism (Schweizer, 1994, p. 47). D’Souza (2003) notes, â€Å"Reagan had a much more sophisticated understanding of communism than either the hawks or the doves†. ... Reagan was the President of the Screen Actors’ Guild and was commonly known as â€Å"Red Ronnie.† (p. 3). Necessarily his comprehensible knowledge of the nature of communism and the lessons learned from the United States’ involvement in the Cold War during his predecessors shaped the main line of policy towards the communist Soviet Union. That is, the main line of his policy towards the USSR was to confront, to contain, to roll back Soviet blocks and finally to let the â€Å"evil empire† under its own weight while saving and restoring the country’s military superiority intact. Necessarily such stance was reflected in Reagan’s policy towards the Soviet Union. Being resolute to reinstate the United States’ pride and superiority in the world, he decided that America should be more active and assertive in confronting Communism and in providing active support to the friendly governments. Reagan’s rhetoric and his government’s military expenditure policies were directed to support this goal. Yet ultimately his foreign policy towards the USSR –though seemed to be more belligerent than that of the two earlier presidents- was â€Å"considerably more cautious than his sometimes bellicose statements suggested† (Profiles of US Presidents, n.d.). Reagan’s Dual Approaches to Communism and Reagan Doctrine Reagan’s policy towards the Soviet Union can significantly be marked as a dual approach in the sense that on one hand Reagan’s administration chose to provide both overt and covert support to anti-communist communities and guerrilla movements in order to â€Å"roll back† â€Å"Soviet-backed communist governments in Africa, Asia, and Latin America†.

National Health Care Spending Essay Example for Free

National Health Care Spending Essay Introduction Health care in the United States is provided by many distinct organizations. Accordingly, the US Census Bureau (2010) reported that health care facilities are largely owned and operated by private sector businesses. While sixty-two percent of hospitals are non-profit, 20% are government owned, and 18% are for-profit. Furthermore, 60–65% of healthcare provision and spending comes from programs such as Medicare, Medicaid, TRICARE, the Childrens Health Insurance Program, and the Veterans Health Administration. Most of the population under 67 is either insured by themselves or a family members employer, buy health insurance on their own, and the remainder are uninsured. Health insurance for public sector employees is primarily provided by the government. Still, the United States has a life expectancy of 78.4 years at birth, up from 75.2 years in 1990, and is ranked 50th among 221 nations, and 27th out of the 34 industrialized countries, down from 20th in 1990. Of 17 high-income countries studied by the National Institutes of Health in 2013, the United States had the highest or near-highest prevalence of infant mortality, heart and lung disease, sexually transmitted infections, adolescent pregnancies, injuries, homicides, and disability. Together, such issues place the U.S. at the bottom of the list for life expectancy. On average, a U.S. male can be expected to live almost four fewer years than those in the top-ranked country (NIH, 2013). Thesis Statement As dismal as the statistics are, in recent years, policy makers as well as leading economists have focused a considerable amount of attention on  aggregate spending increases in health care and how health care spending impacts the United States economy. Thereby, specific emphasis has been given to identifying and examining distinctive factors that have contributed to spending growth, and proposing solutions for reduction. Seemingly, factors that have contributed to spending growth encompass changes in health care utilization, population demographics, price inflation, and advances in medical technology. Thus, as more and more advanced scientific technology is developed the costs associated with providing quality health care increases. With that said, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), the United States spent more on health care per capita ($8,608), and more on health care as percentage of its GDP (17.2%), than any other nation in 2011. Yet, the United States ranked last in the quality of health care among similar countries, and notes United States care costs the most. Similarly, in a 2013 Bloomberg ranking of nations with the most efficient health care systems, the United States ranks 46th among the 48 countries included in the study. The U.S. Census Bureau reported that 49.9 million residents, 16.3% of the population, were uninsured in 2010 (up from 49.0 million residents, 16.1% of the population, in 2009). In addition, a 2004 Institute of Medicine (IOM) report said: The United States is among the few industrialized nations in the world that does not guarantee access to health care for its population.† Further, with the exception of Mexico, Turkey, and the United States, all of the other countries had achieved universal or near-universal (at least 98.4% insured) coverage of their populations by 1990; and recent evidence demonstrates that lack of health insurance causes some 45,000 to 48,000 unnecessary deaths every year in the United States. In 2007, 62.1% of filers for bankruptcies claimed high medical expenses, and 25% of all senior citizens declare bankruptcy due to medical expenses, and 43% are forced to mortgage or sell their primary residence. On March 23, 2010, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) became law, providing for major changes in health insurance. The medical system has been forced to change normal procedures to meet federal regulations. The law includes a large number of health-related provisions  to take effect over the next four years, including expanding Medicaid eligibility for people making up to 133% of FPL, subsidizing insurance premiums for peoples making up to 400% of FPL ($88,000 for family of 4) so their maximum out-of-pocket pay will be from 2% to 9.8% of income for annual premium, providing incentives for businesses to provide health care benefits, prohibiting denial of coverage and denial of claims based on pre-existing conditions, establishing health insurance exchanges, prohibiting insurers from establishing annual spending caps and support for medical research. The costs of these provisions are offset by a variety of taxes, fees, and cost-saving measures, such as new Medicare taxes for high-income brackets, taxes on indoor tanning, cuts to the Medicare Advantage program in favor of traditional Medicare, and fees on medical devices and pharmaceutical companies; there is also a tax penalty for citizens who do not obtain health insurance (unless they are exempt due to low income or other reasons). The Congressional Budget Office estimates that the net effect (including the reconciliation act) will be a reduction in the federal deficit by $143 billion over the first decade. Conclusion In conclusion, in contrast to the argument that rising health care spending at the Federal and State level decreases economic growth, and employee health care costs decreases job growth, a reasonable argument, could also be made that rising health care spending has important benefits, often outweighing the increased costs. I submit that improvements in quality may produce a cause and effect whereby, the cost of medical care is decreased. Subsequently, increased health care spending improves increases in access to new technologies, providing both new options of treatment and treatment for a greater number of individuals; which provides for healthier employees. Moreover, health care spending growth is more likely to create health care jobs, increases wages for health care workers, expands local tax revenues, and increases demand for related goods and services. We, as Americans, profess to be the richest, strongest, and greatest country, yet we stand by and watch homeless citizens sleeping on the streets, children going to bed at night hungry, and citizens dying because they lack health insurance. The Affordable Care Act is a good start, however we must keep legislators who oppose the bill from chipping away at it. Health care should be a human  right, not a privilege. For example, in May 2011, the state of Vermont became the first state to pass legislation establishing a Single-Payer health care system. The legislation, known as Act 48, establishes health care in the state as a human right and lays the responsibility on the state to provide a health care system which best meets the needs of the citizens of Vermont. The state is currently in the studying phase of how best to implement this system. Of the 26.2 million foreign immigrants living in the US in 1998, 62.9% were non-U.S. citizens. In 1997, 34.3% of non-U.S. citizens living in America did not have health insurance coverage as opposed to the 14.2% of native-born Americans who do not have health insurance coverage. Among those immigrants who became citizens, 18.5% were uninsured, as opposed to noncitizens, who are 43.6% uninsured. In each age and income group, immigrants are less likely to have health insurance. With the recent healthcare changes, many legal immigrants with various immigration statuses now are able to qualify for affordable health insurance. We need to push for more. The cost for individuals that use emergency rooms as port of entry to medical care far exceeds obtaining a primary care provider. References Institute of Medicine (2004). Retrieved from http://.www.institutesofmedicine, May 09, 2014. National Institute of Health (2013). Retrieved from http://.www.nationalinstituteofhealth, May 10, 2014. U. S. Census Bureau (2010). Retrieved from http://.www.uscensusbureau, May 10, 2014. World Health Organization (2014). Retrieved from http://.www.worldhealthorganization, May 10, 2014. www.healthcare.gov (2014). Retrieved from http://.www.healthcare.gov. May 10, 2014

Definition of tourism

Definition of tourism Introduction 1.1 Background of study Tourism is the activities of persons travelling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes. In 21st century, travel is a common thing for people, but in the past people hard to travel from place to place because lack of transportation and technology. Travel defines as people moving from one place to another. People travel because of pull and   push factor ,push and pull factor are influence by lots of factors such as economic ,social, climate, geographical characteristic and etc. spatial movement is very important and worth our attention, it focusing on tourist generating areas and tourist receive areas as well as the transit route between its. To do so, I have adopted Leipers model, which was suggested in 1979 and adapted in 1995 (Figure 1). Tourist flow is a flows or spatial interaction between places, with the destination area containing a surplus of a commodity and the generating area having a demand for a commodity. It influenced by a variety of push and pull factors. Batu Ferringhi located on the northern coast of Penang, Malaysia. This place is chosen as one of the attraction places in Penang because of the sandy beach and luxury resort.   The only entrance by land to go to Batu Ferringhi is the narrow mountains road. Penang Hill or affectingly known by locals as Bukit Bendara, is one of the only cool places to visit in Penang. A hill with elevation of about 833 m (2723 ft) has proved that it is one of the main attractions not only to the foreigner but also locals. 1.2Research statement The study of tourist flows can be very important because by understanding the travel movement, government or the private sector can create a new marketing strategic to attract more tourists. By studying the geographic characteristics of exiting tourist, it can reveal the potential market, such as ecotourism, heritage tourism and etc. 1.3Research Questions What is the tourist pattern? What are the most famous attraction places in Penang? Where is the most of the tourist come from? What is the tourist flow of Batu Ferringhi and Penang Hill 1.4 Study Methology Stage 1: Preliminary Stage On this stage, study background and the scope of study will be written down; goal and researchs objective will be set up so that it can make the research path clearer beside that literature review and the significance of the research will be written down. Survey questionnaires will be designated in this stage. (Refer to figure 2) Stage 2: The Data Collection The method use in the research will be quantitative so that more information from the tourists will be getting by conduct survey questionnaire. The data collection will be dividing into two, primary and secondary. For primary data collection, survey and interview will be conduct so that can know more about tourist travel pattern, I also will interview with the stalls seller or shop in Batu Ferringhi and Penang hill. For secondary, information will be get from books, journals and internet. (Refer to figure 2) Stage 3: Analysis and Synthesis On the stage, the survey questionnaire will be compile and using the SPSS (the statistics software) to create the graph or statistics. Beside that, the tourist flows network in Penang will be created. (Refer to figure 2) Stage 4: Recomendation In this stage, the recommendation how to improve the tourism in Batu Ferringhi and Penang hill, how to solve the impact of tourist flows. So that, the tourism is Batu Ferringhi and Penang hill will not face the decline stage or over crowded in one place. (Refer to figure 2) 1.5Goal The goal of this study is to identify the tourist movement patterns and to solve the impact influence by tourist flows. 1.6 Study Objectives The major objectives that will be indentified are: To indentify the travel pattern of tourist in Batu Ferringhi and Penang Hill To indentify which country tourist come to Batu Ferringhi and Penang Hill To indentify the major influences of tourist movement in Batu Ferringhi and Penang Hill 1.7 Hypothesis The number of tourist going to Batu Ferringhi and Penang hill The development in Batu Ferringhi and Penang hill will be increase. Lots of tourist coming from Europe country and Middle East. 1.8 Significance of study The significances of the research for the tourism department and the private sector are they can use the research as reference so that the can understand the tourist flows in Penang beside that, they can implement new marketing strategic to get more profit .other than that, by knowing the tourist pattern ,government can locate more resources to the place. By doing the research, a statistic report will be written out, it will benefit to future researcher to conduct the same research. The research also will help the developer to develop the place after they review the statistic. 1.9 Scope of study The two major barriers are time and seasonal .Time is a barrier for my research although I have limited time to complete it because need to analyze the survey and finding reference sources. Tourism is a seasonal so the research will not accurate when the time goes by so time management very important. 1.10 Study area The study area chosen for my research is Batu Ferringhi and Penang hill. Batu Ferringhi also called as the foreigners rock is a strip of beaches on the northern coast of Penang .The only way to go up is the narrow mountain road, there are two entrance one is from Tanjung Bunga and another one is from Teluk Bahang . Batu Ferringhi also is one of the tourist attraction place in Malaysia, a lot of foreigner tourist like to stay at here, on top of the hill also got a lot of chain hotels group example Shangri la hotel group, holidays inn and Parkroyal hotel. Other than that, there also have a lot of transportation company, they always stand by to pick up the guest go to down town. Beside that there also have a lot of souvenir shop so that the tourist can buy souvenir to their friends and relatives. Everyday there also have night market, the most special trends in the night market is bargaining. Batu Ferringhi is high tourists flows area in Malaysia because of the environments and the people are hospitality .The high tourist flow also give positive and negative impact to the place such as pollution, traffic congestion, increase in price and etc. When peak season, Batu Ferringhi will over crowded and is a main issue for the local government. Another place chosen is Penang hill, Penang Hill is the oldest hill station in Malaysia. It comprises a hilly granite mass in the middle of Penang Island reaching an elevation of 833 meters (2723 ft) at Western Hill. Penang hill also is the only cool place in Penang and it is famous not only for foreigners but locals. There are three way going up to Penang hill, by the funicular train, by jeep and by hiking. Theoretical Framework Chapter 2 2.0 Literature Review Tourist flows are a form of spatial interaction between two areas, with the destination area containing a surplus of a commodity example tourist attraction and the generating area having a deficit or demand for that commodity (Tourism and hospitality Geography). Tourist flows do not occur randomly but follow certain rules and are influenced by a variety of push and pull factors. Push factors are mainly concerned with the stage of economic development in the generating are and will include such factors as levels of affluence, mobility and holidays entitlement .Often, too, an advanced stage of economic development will not only give the population the means to engage in tourism but the pressures of life will provide the push to do so .An unfavorable climate will also provide a strong impetus to travel. Pull factors include accessibility and the attractions and amenities of the destination area. The relative cost of the visit is also important, as is the effectiveness of marketing and promotion. From a geographical point of view tourism consists of three major components which are ; first , the places of origin of tourist ,or generating areas;second,the tourist destinations themselves ,or receiving area and finally the routes travelled between these two sets of locations, or transit routes   (Leiper 1995).These components are set within differing economic ,environmental and social contexts . This simple model is illustrated in figure 3. Tourist generating area represent the homes of tourist ,where journeys begin and end .the key issues to examine in tourist generating areas are the features that stimulate demand for the tourism and will include the geographical location of an area as well as its socioeconomic and demographic characteristic .These areas represent the main tourist markets in the world   and naturally enough ,the major marketing functions of the tourist industry are found here such as tour operation, travel retailing. Tourist receiving areas attract tourists to stay temporarily and will have features and attractions that may not be found in the generating area. The tourist industry try located in this areas will comprise the attractions, accommodation, retailing and service functions, entertainment and recreation facilities .In our view, tourist destination areas are the most important part of the tourism system, not only attracting the tourist and thus energizing the system but also where the impacts of tourism occur and therefore where the sustainable planning and management of tourism is so important. Transit route link these two types of areas and are a key elements in the system as their effectiveness and characteristic shape the volume and direction of tourist flows. Transit route also represent the transportation component of the tourist industry. There are three different routes from place of permanent residence to tourist route, refer to figure one, tourist can choose their route to the destination, access route mean direct access to the main destination as same as return routes .For recreation route, the tourist make use of the various tourist facilities along the way to the destination .Some of the tourist just use the recreation route for part of the journey, they dont have main goal or destination. There are three routes for the tourist to come to Penang, there are water, air and land transport but for Batu Ferringhi ,it just can go by land because no one is providing the air and land transport for the tourist. This notion is developed in Campbells (1967) model which portrays different patterns of movement away from an urban centre (Figure 5). Campbell distinguishes between various groups on the basic of the relative importance of the travel and stay components of their trip .for the recreationist the recreational activity itself is the main element while for the vacationist the journey as such constitutes the main activity of the trip, with a number of stopovers being made on a round trip away from the city .An intermediate group, the recreational vacationist ,is shown to make side trips from some regional base. According to figure 5, recreational travel is scattered radically from the city whereas vacation travel is essentially linear and highway oriented, with recretional vacational travel involving elements of both Campbells work. While the concepts of these different types of travel is useful for analyzing tourist flow patterns there are clearly semantic problems in restricting the ter m tourist or vacationist to someone whose primary interest is invariably in sightseeing and travelling. Source from: redrawn from Campbell (1967)    In Miossecs model ( Figure 6), the origin or core is surrounded by four major belts or zones and travel motives ,means and costs change as well ( Sector 1) .In the real world these theoretical   regular concentric zones are subject to modification by position deformation    (low cost of living, favorable climate, historic links) which extend the belts and the negative ones (essentially political) which compress them (sector 2amd 3).These positive and negative deformation are not independent .More over, in reality a series of core exists giving rise to concurrent spatial demand ( sector 4). Miossec also attempts to incorporate perception of  Ã‚   this space in his model, although the schematic representation of this is not particularly clear .In general .knowledge of destination   declines with distance but there may be certain points of reference or evocative names so that the individuals mental map of the tourist space has both concentric and sectoral constrains .Mioss ec also suggests that the quality of the image will depend on the socio-political linguistic environment of the point of departure and arrival. Source: After Thurot( 1980) Four broad tourist destination types are identified by Lubdgren in this way (figure 10): Centrally located metropolitan destination which have high volume of reciprocal traffic and function both as a generating area and a major destination. These include high order metropolitan centres well integrated into the international and transcontinental transport networks. Peripheral urban destination ,which have smaller populations, a less important central place function and which tend to have a net inflow of tourists Peripheral rural destinations, which are less nodal in character, depending upon a geographically more extensive environment which draws visitors through a combination of landscape characteristic. As the population of such areas is often small and dispersed, a strong net inflow usually results. Natural environment destinations which are usually located at long distances from the generating areas very sparsely populated and often subject to strict management policies. Chapter 3 3.0 Research methodology 3.1 Introduction In this chapter, procedures or method used to conduct research will be set up; there are two types of research methodologies, these two types of methodologies are quantitative and qualitative. During the research, quantitative will be used, quantitative research is to determine the relationship between one thing (an independent variable) and another (a dependent or outcome variable) in a population. As for research design, descriptive research will be use in the research, it attempts to describe and explain conditions of the present by using many subjects and questionnaires to fully describe a phenomenon. 3.2 Data collection 3.2.1 Primary data The primary data are data which are being collected by the researcher for that specific purpose of answering the problem in the research. For this research, questionnaires will be distributed to get information or answer after compile will key in to SPSS (the statistic software). Statistic and graph will be draft. 3.2.2Secondary data The secondary data is being obtained by the literature study, books and the articles from the internet source. 3.3 Questionnaire method A questionnaire is defined as a form that people fill out used to obtain demographic and views and interests of those questioned (Brehob 2001).Questionnaires is use in this research to get more information and to get feed back from the people, questionnaire encompassed of a series of questions for the purpose of gathering data or information from potentially a large number of respondents. Below are the advantages of using questionnaire method: The responses are gathered in a standardized way, so questionnaires are more objective, certainly more so than interviews. Generally it is relatively quick to collect information using a questionnaire Potentially information can be collected from a large portion of a group. These are the few steps taken to design questionnaire for dissertation purpose (dspace.fsktm.um.edu.my): Objectives of the survey are defined Determined the sampling group Designed the questionnaire by creating the questions Administered the questionnaire Results interpretations 3.3.1 Questionnaire design A well designed questionnaire is important, language and using propel sentence to construct questionnaire must be taken well beside that arrangement of the question also need be in correct flows. The sentence or question using must be easy to understand and the words must be clear. The research questionnaire will be at appendix 1 and 2. 3.3.2 Questions In designing the questionnaire, the question that inside the survey questionnaire cant be too complicated and direct question needed to ease the correspondents. On questionnaire consist of 16 questions. The questionnaire of this research contains of part A, Part B, Part C and Part D. The questionnaire divides into sub topic because to let the correspondents more understand about the question and it look more systematic. The questionnaire will be at appendix 1 and 2. 3.3.3 Layout Layout is very important because first impression when the correspondents see the questionnaire is the formation of the question, the layout must be attractive enough to attract the correspondents. Other than that, the logical of sequence of the question also very important, same kind of question need to group together. (Refer to Appendix 1 and 2) 3.3.4 Questionnaire Distribution The survey questionnaire were distributed to respondents manually, mean that, a team of people will approach them. For Dissertation minimum of 150 correspondents needed to complete the survey. Those questionnaires will distribute in Batu Ferringhi and Penang hill but not all of the questionnaire distributed will returned with full of participation because some of them not really interested with the topic or maybe they have limited knowledge about the topic and there where no any reward or gift for them after they finish the questionnaire The objective of distributing questionnaire is to knowing the tourist flows in two Areas, there are Batu Ferringhi and Penang Hill beside that also can know what is the tourist opinion and suggestion. 3.3.5 Software Development Methodology After compiling all the result from the questionnaire, the result will key in into the SPSS (the statistic software) after that statistic and graph will be drawn out. In the Statistic and graph, it can determine that the number of tourist flow and which country tourist most often come to visit those places. 4.0 Conclusion This research is discussed about the tourist flows in Batu ferringhi and Penang hill.

Revolutionary Mexican Women Essay -- Essays Papers

Revolutionary Mexican Women The picture of pre-revolutionary Mexican women was of a woman who had to lived her life constantly in the male shadow. These women were consumed by family life, marriage, and the Catholic Church, and lived silently behind their dominant male counterparts (Soto 31-32). In 1884 (prior to the revolution) the government passed the Mexican Civil Code. It dramatically restricted women's rights at home and at work (Bush and Mumme 351). Soto states that the code "sustains an almost incredible inequality between the conditions of husband and wife, restricts in an exaggerated and arbitrary manner those rights due the woman, and†¦erases and nullifies her personality" (qtd. Bush and Mumme 351). The code was just one of the many inequalities women and other ethnic, economic, political, or religious minorities suffered under the regime of Porfirio Diaz (Bush and Mumme 351). When the Mexican Revolution of 1910-1920 arose to fight against the discrimination that Diaz incorporated into his regime, women began to find a place for themselves. It gave them the chance to control their own fate and live more public lives successfully (Soto 31-32). Mexican women were essential to the revolution in a number of ways. They were involved in politics, were strong advocates for the causes they believed in, and participated in life on the battlefields. The female political figures were probably the most important and influential women in the Mexican Revolution. They were prominent political activists, thinkers, writers, figures, role models, and were fearless in their pursuit of their goals, often resulting in jail terms. Both upper and lower class women managed to get high in the ranks of politics despite the ... ...of the female spirit. They took on core positions that were not traditional and excelled in many predominantly male-dominated roles. Mexican women were revolutionary in the way they stretched the boundaries of gender roles and reversed many stereotypes. Sources: Arrizon, Alicia. "Soldaderas and the Staging of the Mexican Revolution." The Drama Review. 42.1 (1998). 90-113. Bush, Diane Mitsch and Stephen P. Muume. "Gender and the Mexican Revolution." Women and Revolution in Africa, Asia, and the New World. Columbia: University of South Carolina, 1994. 343-365. Macias, Anna. "Women and the Mexican Revolution 1910-1920." Americas (Acad. of Am. Franciscan Hist.) 1980. 37(1): 53-82. Soto, Shirlene. Emergence of Modern Mexican Woman: Her Participatrion in Revolution and Struggle for Equality, 1910-1940. Denver, CO: Ardern Press, Inc., 1990. 31-66.